Intervention to Improve Self-Esteem in Those with Eating Disorders - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1514 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Self Esteem Essay Did you like this example? Abstract The intention of this study was to examine the relationship between self-esteem and eating disorders and creating an intervention to increase self-esteem and decrease the amount of people diagnosed with an eating disorder. In the study we are focusing specifically on anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is a serious and a potential life-threatening eating disorder which is characterized by the person starving themselves leading to tremendous weight loss (Anorexia Diagnosis, n.d.). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Intervention to Improve Self-Esteem in Those with Eating Disorders" essay for you Create order The individual sees themselves as though they are overweight, when they are underweight. This study will extend research on anorexia and self-esteem because we will be measuring both the control and the experimental group readiness with the Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ) on where they stand on getting better and determining if self-esteem is in any way the casual of eating disorders increasing. The participants will be 100 randomly assigned female young adults from an eating disorder center. They will be split randomly into two groups with one getting the two-month intervention and the others following their regular treatment. The main reason for this study is to see if the intervention will affect the participants in a positive way and help increase their self-esteem as they battle and try to overcome their eating disorder. The expected results are that those who received the intervention will have an increase in self-esteem and their readiness to get bette r will also increase, unlike those who did not by showing little to no change. Keywords: self-esteem; intervention; anorexia nervosa; eating disorders; ANSOCQ Intervention to Improve Self-Esteem in Those with Eating Disorders Introduction Background According to Eating Disorders: About More Than Food (n.d.) the mental disorder with the highest mortality rate is anorexia nervosa. It states that anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which an individual sees themselves as though they are overweight, when they are underweight. That causes individuals with that condition to obsess over what they consume therefore only eating very small quantities and excessive exercise. Individuals with anorexia tend to starve themselves to feel some sense of control over their body. (Eating Disorders, n.d.). In the article Prevalence and treatment of eating disorders among Hispanics/Latino Americans in the United States Perez (2016) states that recent research on lifetime prevalence rates of eating disorder among Hispanics/Latinos within the US is 0.08% for anorexia nervosa, which is significantly lower when compared with non-Hispanic White samples (0.39%) in the US (Perez, Ohrt, Hoek, 2016). The authors suggest that there is some type of Latino culture that protects the further development of anorexia nervosa. There have been various studies that confirm low self-esteem is a factor of vulnerability for eating disorders (Obeid, 2013). According to that article self-esteem is having confidence in ones self and accepting yourself how you are. If there is a relationship with self-esteem and eating disorders, will doing an intervention to help increase self-esteem work to decrease eating disorders? Literature Review In a recent study conducted by Collin (2016) he explored the relationship between multi-dimensional self-esteem and eating disorder symptoms in an inpatient treatment. Collins results indicated that only some aspects of self-esteem were relevant in eating disorder outcomes. One aspect of self-esteem that results did show effect in the relationship between self-esteem and eating disorders was body appearance. The results suggested that the relationship between self-esteem and anorexia is not directly weight loss but rather everything else that goes on (Collin, Karatzias, Power, Howard, Grierson, Yellowlees, 2016). Another recent study done by Mendelson, B. K., (2002) explores the differences of someones self-esteem who has an eating disorder versus someone who does not. That study was aimed to clarify the relationship of self-esteem and body-esteem on both eating disordered and noneating disordered participants by using a multidimensional measure. The women who had an eating disorder scored lower on both body esteem and self-esteem than the ones who dont suffer from eating disorders. This study came to show that self-esteem is dependent on body esteem to women with eating disorders (Mendelson, B. K., McLaren, L., Gauvin, L., Steiger, H., 2002). The results of another study from the article The Thinner the Better suggested that patients with Anorexia Nervosa benefited from having low body weight in the time of the disorder. It stated that their satisfaction of a motive of achievement (such as getting thinner) increased instead of decreased the self-esteem of patients with anorexia Nervosa. However, once the patient recovered from anorexia, their body weight and self-esteem did not seem to correlate with one another. Even then when they compared the scores of the healthy women who have never had anorexia with the ones who have the self-esteem scores were still low (Brockmeyer, Holrforth, Bents, Kammerer, Herzog, Friedrich, 2013) The purpose of the current study is to do an intervention to increase self-esteem in women that are struggling with eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa. The current study will measure the change in an individuals self-esteem before and after the experimental study takes place within the two-month period. This study will extend research on anorexia and self-esteem because I will be measuring both the control and the experimental group readiness on where they stand on getting better and determining if self-esteem is in any way the casual of eating disorders increasing. It is expected that the group given the intervention will show an increase in self-esteem after unlike the group who will not be getting the intervention. Method Research Design   This will be an experimental study. The design of the experiment will be independent measures. One group will require to have one intervention meeting every week for two months, while the other group will not have any intervention whatsoever. Participants The participants for this experimental group will be 100 female young adults recruited from an eating recovery center. The 100 females will be picked randomly from the association. The participants chosen can choose to take place on the experiment or not. Not participating will not affect their treatment. They will be split in two different groups and will be randomly assigned. One group being the control group and the other the group getting the intervention. The criteria for the participants to be assigned to join is for the individual to be a female who has been diagnosed to have an eating disorder within the ages 15-25. Materials Survey. Will measure individuals self-esteem and self-image of themselves. To be taken in both groups on first and last day of the experimental study to see if there are any positive changes. Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire. (ANSOCQ) This questionnaire will help us determine what patients are ready to recover from anorexia and which are not. It will help us see if there is a change on their readiness whether they went through the intervention or not. Everyone will answer the questionnaire in both groups on both meeting times. The ANSOCQ determines whether the participants are in the precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, or maintenance stage of being ready to change multiple things of their anorexic characterized symptoms (Rieger, Touvz, Beumont, 2002). This questionnaire provides a strong support for the psychometric properties (reliability and validity). The development of it proves to have a reliable, valid, and a clinically informative way of showing a patients readiness on changing their anorexia nervosa symptoms (Rieger, Touvz, Beumont, 2002). Procedure Female participants from an eating recovery center will be picked at random to take a part of this study. The research study will be conducted by the researcher, and researcher assistants. All 100 of the participants will be asked to answer a survey on self-esteem and the ANSOCQ on the first day in meeting room all together and once done they can leave. Fifty of those participants will be randomly selected and chosen to get the once a week intervention for two months. The other fifty will be asked to come back in two months from the first day. On the last day all 100 are to meet at the same time at the meeting room and will be given a survey on self-esteem again as well as the ANSOCQ. The results will only be shared with those whose self-esteem increases after the intervention, in hope that seeing good results they will want to keep on getting interventions every other month until their self-esteem is stable, and they can feel comfortable in their bodies without damaging themselves. Expected Findings It is expected that the group given the intervention will show an increase in self-esteem after unlike the group who will not be getting the intervention. It is also expected that those who were a part of the intervention who showed that they were not ready to recover will show otherwise the second time they take the ANSOCQ.   Discussion The main reason for this study is to see if the intervention will affect the participants in a positive way and help increase their self-esteem as they battle and try to overcome their eating disorder. Eating disorders are not something to joke around or ignore. This study is meant to show that eating disorders are to be taken seriously and that someone around you could be going through it at the moment.

Are Video Games Therapy Essays - 1100 Words

The use of video games has become a norm for many people and families. They may be used to relax after a long day of work, or as a way for the family to all participate in something together. Many people view video games as just another form of entertainment, but could they actually be more? Meditation is used as a therapy to reduce the stress of everyday life. It is a way to focus one’s mind on the present and alleviate the stress that life can cause. By focusing on something besides stress, a person is able to relax. By applying those same observations to the act of playing a video game, one can see how playing a video game can be as effective as meditating. While playing a video game the mind is no longer focused on the stress of the†¦show more content†¦Without the repetitive boredom of traditional therapy patients can look forward to seeing their physical therapist and focus less on their injuries. There are also forms of therapies that help with brain activity a nd cognitive thinking. Mike Snider of USA Today wrote an article about parents using video games to help their children who have Attention Deficit Disorder. The use of the video games for treatment was prescribed by their psychologist. One child had received standard neurofeedback treatment in the past, but still had problems with memory. According to his mother, Janet Herlihey, he now has learned to use the focus skills he learned from gaming to focus better in school and in sports. Focusing on the video game has taught the child how to slow down and focus on tasks in his everyday life. Her other son had trouble focusing while trying to read, an activity he once loved to do. Now after using the video game therapy he is able to focus on the books and enjoy reading again.( Snider) The Herlihey children where both able to benefit from the video game therapy. It helped them both learn to focus better on tasks outside the video game. If it is helping children with ADD focus better, then it can be said that normal use of a video game may also help others playing them focus better on everyday tasks. Many would want to argue that the everyday use of video games could actually do more harmShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Game Addiction On Human Body And Mind1151 Words   |  5 PagesVideo game addiction â€Å"generally refers to an excessive, unhealthy amount of playing of games. Rather than engaging in the real world, an addicted user devotes the majority of his or her time to gaming. 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The Main Arguments of Evolution Theory Free Essays

International Management Prof. dr. Niels Noorderhaven Lecture 1 Agenda †¢ †¢ †¢ 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Arguments of Evolution Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. 3. Introduction and organizational matters Does â€Å"international† still matter? Conceptual foundations of international business strategy (1) †¢ †¢ Case: Honda in the USA Literature: Textbook chapter 1 (pp 13-33 + 59-62) Team Lectures Niels Noorderhaven Cases Fons Naus Ana Aranda Gutierrez Zhengyu Li Teaching strategy Complementarity of lectures – readings †¢ Individual case participation †¢ Each lecture, one or several cases from the book will be expanded to put the theory into practice †¢ Importance of research articles Grading †¢ 70% MC exam – See Study manual for correction formula †¢ Exam dates December 13, 2012 and April 12, 2013 †¢ 30% 2 Interactive lectures – individual participation †¢ Interactive lectures grades of 2010 and 2011 can be transferred Book †¢ http://www. cambridge. rg/features/management/verbeke/ Does â€Å"international† still matter? 7 Transportation communication cos ts fall 17 September 2012 8 Tariffs fall, anti-dumping measures rise anti- 17 September 2012 9 Globalization Theory: †¢ Linguistic, trade and cultural barriers become less important †¢ ‘Stateless’ MNCs †¢ Within MNCs worldwide diffusion of technologies, knowledge and information Convergence of world economies 17 September 2012 10 Why is nationality important to people? Individual identity and social identity †¢ Three processes of social identity formation: †¢ social categorization †¢ social comparison †¢ social identification †¢ (Self-)categorization: what is the salient category? 17 September 2012 11 Why is nationality important to people? †¢ Positive stereotyping of â€Å"in-group†, negative stereotyping of â€Å"out-group† †¢ Nationality differences are particularly salient when people have no common history †¢ Nationality then becomes a source for one’s own identity and for the ascribed iden tity of the other 7 September 2012 12 Does â€Å"international† still matter? Yes, because †¦. †¢ Cultural , institutional and language differences persist †¢ Leading to differences in (business) decision making †¢ Nationality forms an important basis for social categorization processes †¢ Leading to shortcuts like cultural attribution and stereotyping With the effect that doing business across borders is different than domestic business 13 Conceptual foundations of international business strategy 4 Definition of international business strategy International business strategy means effectively and efficiently matching a multinational enterprise’s (MNE’s) internal strengths (relative to competitors) with the opportunities and challenges found in geographically dispersed environments that cross international borders. Such matching is a precondition to creating value and satisfying stakeholder goals, both domestically and internationally. 1 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS (1) Introduction and overview of the book’s framework †¢ Part one: Core concepts (1) Conceptual foundations of international business strategy (2) The critical role of firm-specific advantages (3) The nature of home country location advantages (4) The problem with host country location advantages (5) Combining firm-specific advantages and location advantages in an MNE network 16 TABLE OF CONTENTS (2) †¢ Part two: Functional issues (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) International innovation International sourcing and production International finance International marketing Managing managers in the multinational enterprise 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS (3) †¢ Part three: Dynamics of global strategy (11) Entry mode dynamics 1: foreign distributors (12) Entry mode dynamics 2: strategic alliance partners (13) Entry mode dynamics 3: mergers and acquisitions (14) The role of emerging economies (15a) International strategies of corporate social responsibility (15b) Interna tional strategies of environmental sustainability 18 The seven concepts of the unifying framework †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Internationally transferable (or non-location bound) firmspecific advantages (FSAs) Non-transferable (or location-bound) FSAs Location advantages Investment in – and value creation through – recombination Complementary resources of external actors Bounded rationality Bounded reliability The MNE’s unique resource base †¢ Physical resources (natural resources, buildings, plant equipment). †¢ Financial resources (equity and loan capital) †¢ Human resources (individuals and teams, entrepreneurial and operational skills). Upstream knowledge (sourcing knowledge, product and process-related technological knowledge). †¢ Downstream knowledge (marketing, sales, distribution and after sales service). †¢ Administrative knowledge (organizational structure, culture and systems). †¢ Reputational resource s (brand names, reputation for honest business dealings). International transferability of FSAs? †¢ Paradox: If the FSA consists of easily codifiable knowledge (i. e. , if it can be articulated explicitly, as in a handbook or blueprint), then it can be cheaply transferred abroad, but it can also be easily imitated by other firms. Though expensive and time-consuming to transfer tacit knowledge across borders, the benefit to the MNE is that this knowledge is also difficult to imitate. It is often a key source of competitive advantage when doing business abroad. Some FSAs are not transferable abroad: location-bound locationFSAs (1) Four main types: †¢ Stand-alone resources linked to location advantages (privileged retail locations). †¢ Local marketing knowledge and reputational resources, such as brand names (may not be applicable to a host country context, or valued to the same extent). Local best practices (i. e. routines), such as incentive systems or buyer-supplier relations (may not work abroad). †¢ Domestic recombination capability (may not work in foreign markets – e. g. , because co-location of resources is needed). Some FSAs are not transferable abroad: location-bound locationFSAs (2) †¢ Even if transferability of the relevant resources were technically possible, this does not mean potential for profitable deployment, i. e. the resource bundles that may be transferable from a technical perspective (e. g. , the way n which a product is marketed at home), do not constitute an FSA abroad. Location advantages †¢ Entire set of strengths of a location, and accessible by firms in that location. †¢ Should always be assessed relative to the strengths of other locations. †¢ Instrumental to FSAs Motivations for foreign expansion †¢ Natural resource seeking – Verbeke: physical, financial or human resources †¢ Market seeking †¢ Strategic resource seeking – e. g. , knowledge, finance †¢ Efficiency seeking – E. g. , low labor cost Case: Honda in the USA Background Prior to 1970s exports of motorcycles and cars †¢ Drivers of foreign production: – Rising value of the yen against US$ – Fear of import restrictions – The Clean Air Act in the US – First oil crisis †¢ Motivation for expansion (natural resource, market, strategic resource, efficiency seeking? ) Honda’s approach †¢ After four-year decision process Honda of America Manufacturing established in Marysville, Ohio, in 1978 †¢ Top priority: attain Japanese-level quality and efficiency – – – – – Selection of employees Training program Fly in managers and workers from Japan Develop lean supplier network Upgrade supplier quality level 1980: start production of cars †¢ Present: 9 production plants in USA Honda’s FSAs †¢ Non-location bound FSAs: – – – – – – – Know-how four-strike engines with optimal power-to-weight ratio Management principles Quality systems Employee selection processes Training and knowledge transfer routines Manufacturing expertise Supplier management approach †¢ †¢ Location-bound FSAs in the host country: – High demand for specific products Resource reco mbination: – – – Use four-strike engines in many products (motorcycles, small cars, generators, †¦) Design and manufacturing skills + knowledge of consumer preferences in USA Melding existing and new resources through management exchange program Exploit new capabilities worldwide Complementary resources of external actors †¢ Opportunity to study American way of production at Ford †¢ Extensive use of American experts and consultants (especially for selecting location) †¢ Critical role of suppliers Bounded rationality issues lack of knowledge local conditions †¢ Suppliers’ lack of familiarity with Honda †¢ New employees lack of familiarity with â€Å"The Honda Way† Bounded reliability issues †¢ Moral hazard/adverse selection employees †¢ American managers have local priorities Deliberate strategy? Agenda for next lecture 1. 2. 3. 4. Four types of MNEs Recombination Bounded rationality reliability Firm-specific advantages (FSAs) †¢ Cases: 3M IKEA †¢ Literature: Textbook chapter 1 (pp 33-76) + chapter 2 NB: Class will be in SZ 31 How to cite The Main Arguments of Evolution Theory, Essay examples

Heart Failure & Subsequent Alternative Treatments

Question: Discuss about theHeart Failure Subsequent Alternative Treatments. Answer: Institution The annotated bibliography presented is based on the case study of Charlie, a 75-year old overweight man who arrives at the healthcare centre breathless, and with visible peripheral oedema, and tachycardia. Two years ago Charlie was diagnosed with chronic heart failure as a result of ischaemic cardiomyopathy and hypertension but states that in the past few days he has felt increasingly unwell. The annotated bibliography presents articles with the most comprehensive information in relation to the condition of Charlie. Faris, R. F.W. (2006). Diuretics for heart failure. . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1-23. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003838.pub2 This is a research article prepared and implemented with the objective of the impact of diuretics- the advantages and disadvantages-for Chronic Heart Failure. The research is motivated by the information about the high global rate of mortality and morbidity as a result of heart failure. Diuretics is treated as a first-line form of treatment I cases of congestive heart failure. However, Faris (2006) it is more of a symptomatic treatment and the healing effects are not yet clear. The research involved literature reviews from various articles from different resource databases. The research involves two researchers that collaborate for the production of the most comprehensive article through independent research. The research involves experimentation with two groups, one being the control group. The results come after fourteen trials, with five hundred and twenty five participants and the use of placebo with the control group. The outcome shows lower mortality rates among the members of the group under diuretics with a death odds ratio of 0.24 where the confidence level is 95%. There is also the reduction of the admission of heart failure patients from results collected from two trials. The diuretics patients also show an increase in the capacity of their ability to exercise. Justification of Source The source offers relevant information in relation to problems related to heart congestion and heart failure because of the impact of diuretics on various problems such as the treatment of blood pressure and body fluid cleansing process through urinating (diuresis)(Web MD, 2017). The article plants curiosity for further information about diuretics and the specific process of the treatment where the main action is the elimination of unneeded body salts and water. The source also gives insight through the encouragement of the use of the method of treatment over others where diuretics are reported to be responsible for the reduction of the swelling experienced in the congested lungs. Although it focuses on the reduction of pressure through the catalysis of the draining of excess body fluids, the treatment is effective in most heart related complications because the same is required for the treatment of the symptoms of ischaemic cardiomyopathy and swelling caused by hypertension. The treatment of such symptoms is recognized as essential for the management of Chronic Heart Failure and the reduction of the chances of recurrence (Clevaland Clinic, 2017; Logan, 2011). Recommendation for Clinical Practice The article is essential among nurse practitioners is the information about the impact of the application of diuretics. The knowledge gives hope for further research on diuretics and its impact on heart failure where improvements can be made within the same field of study. The article provides tangible evidence where there is a record of the statistics of the rates of mortality among the patients using the treatment and others not subscribed to the treatment options. Gorthi, J. H. (2014). Reducing heart failure hospital readmissions: A systematic review of disease management programs. Cardiology Research , 126-138. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.14740/cr362w The essay discusses the role of th Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) in the efforts to reduce the instances of severe heart failure and the subsequent readmission of heart failure patients. Diuretics is mentioned ads one of the most effective disease management programs essential in the reduction of the re-admission of patients into hospitals for heart failure. The essay discusses various methods applied in the management of heart failure patients including home visits, outpatient interventions, and tele-management. The outpatient consultations and home visits are discussed as unfavourable where favour inclines. That is contrary to the research by Hale et al., (2016) that hypothesizes that remote home visits are effective in the reduction of the chances of random hospital admissions as a result of heart failure. The population under study includes heart failure patients and the use of various medication approaches in the alleviation of the heart problems. The Cochrane handbook guidelines and the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) are used for the identification of the studies. There is the search of the medical terms and the use of valid articles. The works used are those that also include the hospitalizations as a result of heart failure and the subsequent measurement of efficacy through the number of re-admissions and / or mortality. The results show that three out of the seven home visits conducted for the comparison of home visits to usual care showed a significant improvement on the outcome of the patients. None of them show evidence of the reduction in the rates of mortality (all-cause mortality), and only one showed evidence of the reduction of the all-cause hospitalization. There are two studies that show evidence of the reduction of heart failure hospitalizations and three studies that include home visits show no significant change. Justification of Source The source is relevant in the study of the health condition of Charlie because as a 75-year-old, he is pre-disposed to heart failure and chronic heart failure. The research article shows the evidence of the options available for the effective treatment of chronic heart failure and the related symptoms. As a 75 year-old, vulnerability to such health conditions is one of the results of aging because the immunity system is compromised(Logan, 2011). The heart muscles weaken and the body fluid regulation systems become less efficient. The identification of the most effective treatment plan is essential for the prior planning for Charlie for the most essential consultation plan and combination of treatment options. Recommendation for Clinical Practice There is need for further studies on the heart failure cases and blood pressure among the elderly populations and the subsequent research about the possibility of more effective customized approaches for more specific and successful results (Pinto, 2007; Tensoval, 2017). It is especially important after the treatment ischaemic cardiomyopathy and hypertension(AHA, 2016). Factors such as social trends are a prerequisite on the impact of the older generation in the near future where they shall make much more demands than the current old-old generation. There shall be need for an increase in Registered Nurses to handle the health demands that come with the same, especially in relation to chronic illnesses related to the heart such as those experienced by Charlie. There is the projection of a possible deficiency in the health care professionals with the diverse skill sets in the next 30 years(Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014) Molloy, G. J. (2012). Interventions to enhance adherence to medications in patients with heart failure: A systematic review. Circulation Heart Failure, 126-133. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFA This research focuses on the application of prognosis of chronic heart failure (CHF) treatment and characteristics of the available treatments on the patients. It also focuses on the lack of adherence to the treatment options subscribed to the patient and the jeopardy of the methods of treatment on by the patients. It is one of the barriers of the lack of adherence to the available treatments. The prognosis remains poor despite the over twenty five years of research on the topic with most results reporting median survival rates after the first episode. According to this research, the improvement in the outcomes of heart attack patients that seek medical advice comes from the subscription of medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, spironolactone, and -blockers. The population under focus is also the population with previous experiences of heart attacks and possible recurrence of the heart attacks. Justification of Research The research is essential in the nursing practice and the overall observation of the health of the older generation because of the lack of availability of adequate information about the most accurate approach for chronic heart failure. The research expounds on the impact of the administration with diuretics and the relevance of the consideration of the continuation of the treatment for the prevention of other old age related complications such as hypertension.(Faris, 2006) Application in Nursing Practice Adult gerontology is a field that has taken up more attention of the medical practitioners because of the previous cases of ageism and little understanding of the health condition of the aged population(South University, 2015). The most recent research in old age gerontology focusses on the provision of the long term health services such offered in clinics, hospitals, long term healthcare, rehabilitation, nursing homes, and correctional centres. The article helps in the understanding of the previous research results in the prognosis of chronic heart failure for the decision to adopt more effective better practices. It is especially important for the reduction of inadequate treatment as a result of the lack of adherence to the recommendations and prescriptions given by the doctors. References AHA. (2016, 8 24). Prevention and Treatment of Cardiomyopathy. Retrieved from AHA: https://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/Cardiomyopathy/Prevention-and-Treatment-of-Cardiomyopathy_UCM_444176_Article.jsp#.WPxQAkWGN0w Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2014). Ageing and the health system: challenges, opportunities and adaptations . Australias health series, 1-15. Clevaland Clinic. (2017, 2 2). Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Retrieved from Clevaland Clinic: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/ischemic-cardiomyopathy Faris, R. F.W. (2006). Diuretics for heart failure. . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1-23. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003838.pub2 Gorthi, J. H. (2014). Reducing heart failure hospital readmissions: A systematic review of disease management programs. Cardiology Research , 126-138. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.14740/cr362w Hale, T. M., Jethwani, K., Kandola, M. S., Saldana, F., Kvedar, J. C. (2016). A Remote Medication Monitoring System for Chronic Heart Failure Patients to Reduce Readmissions: A Two-Arm Randomized Pilot Study. J Med Internet Res, 184-191. Logan, A. G. (2011). Hypertension in Aging Patients. Medscaape, 113-120. Molloy, G. J. (2012). Interventions to enhance adherence to medications in patients with heart failure: A systematic review. Circulation Heart Failure, 126-133. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFA Pinto, E. (2007). Blood pressure and ageing. Postgrad Med J, 109114. South University. (2015, 10 30). The Role of Adult Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioners. Retrieved from The South Way Foundation: https://www.southuniversity.edu/whoweare/newsroom/blog/the-role-of-adult-gerontology-primary-care-nurse-practitioners Tensoval. (2017). Hypertension in old age. Retrieved from Tensoval: https://tensoval.com/hypertension-in-old-age.php Web MD. (2017, 2017 4). Heart Disease and Diuretics. Retrieved from Web MD: 22