Research Article Critique for Lesson 5 ME Essay

Research Article Critique for Lesson 5 ME - Essay Example A personal research review model (Appendix A: rubric) was created to provide a linear process discussion of the relevant questions. The burning PICOT question for this paper and subsequent research is: â€Å"In elderly people (P=70+), how are cognitive skills measured in dementia and potential Alzheimer’s disease (I=Issue), as compared to younger adults (C), affect the lifestyle of those diagnosed (O), and how long before a diagnosed patient is no longer legally or medically functional (T)?† (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt 2011). Funding for this research was provided by Neurosciences Victoria, Austin Hospital Medical Research Foundation, and the Commonwealth Government of Australia Department of Health and Ageing, with unrestricted educational research grants. Funding was also provided by the Commonwealth Government of Australia to publish under Open Access (Pike et al., 2007). The main reason for conducting this research study (Pike et al., 2007) was to find common bio-indicators in a currently healthy aging senior which provides a predication for eventually moving into dementia and/or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The ÃŽ ²-amyloid (AÃŽ ²) presentation is commonly found in those diagnosed with AD, yet it can also occur in normal healthy aging adults as well without affecting the person in any manner. The 11C-PIB-PET brain scan was used in the study to provide a qualitative marking process with three groups: the healthy ageing (HA) adults, the mild cognitive impaired (MCI) adults, and those diagnosed with AD (Pike et al., 2007). Many of the previous research studies have only used formally diagnosed patients with dementia or AD. PIB stands for Pittsburgh Compound B, which is a benzothiazole derivative that will bind to AÃŽ ² and is seen during the positron emission tomography (PET) imaging process, also known as the 11C-PIB-PET brain scan (Pike et al., 2007; Kadir et al., 2011). While ageing

Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Essay Example for Free

Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Essay Quantitative research – is a formal, objective, systematic research which bases on precise figures. While conducting such kind of research, an investigator collects and analyzes data and statistics. The main purposes of applying quantitative method of research are: description of variables; examination of relationship among variables; determination of cause-and-effect interactions between variables (Burns Grove,2005). Qualitative research – in contrast to quantitative, is a kind of research which mainly concentrates on observations, questionnaires, reports and other ways of subjective investigations. The key features of qualitative research are: focus on meanings, perspectives and understandings; emphasis on process; inductive analysis, and grounded theory (Woods, 2006). The basic differences between quantitative and qualitative research lie in methods and instruments they apply, types of data they collect and generate, in their main perspectives. The instruments used in quantitative research are strict about extracting information and dividing it into categories. Quantitative methods are highly structured and include various surveys, questionnaires, and structured observations. In qualitative research, more flexible and frequentative instruments are applied. Qualitative methods, unlike quantitative ones, are semi-structured. To these methods belong interview, focus group, questionnaire, and participant observation. Quantitative research, in contrast to qualitative, operates with numerical data. Qualitative research, as a rule, uses textual data (Mack, Woodsong, et al., 2005). The most important feature which differentiates one research from another is flexibility. Usually, the procedure of quantitative research is prescribed in advance. Therefore, it excludes any unforeseen changes during the process of research. For instance, the questions in quantitative research are well thought-out, concrete, and closed. Moreover, the order of questions is also fixed. In such a way, quantitative research, due to its inflexibility, makes meaningful contribution to common investigation. The stages of qualitative research may be changed during the research procedure. The questions in qualitative research are mostly open. It enables the participants to give more reasonable answers and sometimes, even to go into detail. Therefore, spontaneity became a distinctive feature of qualitative research, which made the process of research less formal (Mack, Woodsong, et al., 2005). References Burns, N., Grove, S.K. (2005). The practice of nursing research: conduct, critique, and utilization (5th Ed.). St. Louis, Elsevier Saunders. Retrieved from http://www.researchproposalsforhealthprofessionals.com/definition_of_quantitative_resea.htm Mack, N., Woodsong, C., MacQueen, M. K., Guest, G., Namey, E. (2005). Qualitative research methods: A data collector’s field guide. Retrieved from http://www.fhi360.org/nr/rdonlyres/emgox4xpcoyrysqspsgy5ww6mq7v4e44etd6toiejyxalhbmk5sdnef7fqlr3q6hlwa2ttj5524xbn/datacollectorguideenrh.pdf Woods, P. (2006). Qualitative research. Retrieved from http://www.edu.plymouth.ac.uk/resined/qualitative%20methods%202/qualrshm.htm

Social Security Act of 1935: Causes and Effects

Social Security Act of 1935: Causes and Effects Social Security Act of 1935 Before 1935, there were no benefits for the old and other financially challenged persons in America. The only people liable to benefits after their service were veterans who received pensions. The remaining occupations had no benefits after their service (DeWitt, 2010). In every occupation there is a retirement age upon which the employee is considered unable to contribute positively towards the organization. As a result, when employees attain such status they are cut off as employees. Unfortunately, when one had not made savings during their service they would up in the streets as beggars. Alternatively, the elderly would ultimately become dependents especially if they had low wages during their active duty. The fortunate people were those who had been employed in high paying jobs and managed to make huge savings while they were working. Being dependent would mean that you either rely on your siblings or children to cater for your financial needs. In August 1935, Franklin Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act which improved life for the elderly in the society (Gareth and Derthick, 2007). The Act ensured benefits to elderly citizens in the US. As a result, United States of America become one of the first countries in the world to provide support for the elderly in their country. In life, there are complex challenges that are accompanied with old age, based on these challenges most people tend to avoid old people instead of helping them. The US stood out as one of the communities that would rather provide support to the elderly than to lock them out of national benefits. Therefore, this paper discusses  the Social Security Act of 1935, describing factors that led to the development of the legislation (history) including the amendments made to it. In addition it discusses its effects and relation to the American Economy. Social Security history The federal government of America had isolated itself from elderly benefits before the legislation of social security Act. Primarily this responsibility was handled by family members since they are the only social unit most reluctant to abandon their kin. Moreover, this responsibility was accustomed to the local and state governments Social security concerns from the federal government were initiated by the Great depression. During and shortly after the Great depression most Americans especially the elderly were exposed to harsh living conditions. The depression led to the increased unemployment rates ever in the US history (DeWitt, 2010). The elderly who had lost their jobs during this time had no chance of seeking employment elsewhere. In addition, the few remaining vacant spots were consequently filled by the younger work force who had also been sacked as a result of the Great Depression. In January 1935, Franklin Roosevelt decided to write to the congress seeking legislation for social security in the country. Despite of the positive influence that the legislation would have made on humanity, the bill was greatly opposed. Since the president was so eager to pass this bill, he lobbied several senators and even appointed six judges who consequently approved the bill. The president signed the bill seven months late after drafting the later to the congress and it became a law. Social Security Act of 1935 On 14th August 1935, America passed a bill which ended up in the development of social security system that provided benefits for the elderly unemployed, causalities of industrial accidents, unemployed persons, vulnerable mother, children and the physically handicapped. The Act was not specific to the elderly alone but also other economically challenged persons in the society as described. A society is composed of both negative and positive attributes of human nature. Whilst a society is made vibrant by the youth and the young adult through their workability, it should not disgrace the elderly or those unable to fend for themselves (Cogan and Mitchell, 2013). Both entities should coexist together in harmony supporting and encouraging each other where and when necessary. Social Security Act of 1935 is composed of 11 different titles which express support for the economically challenged America citizens. The first title entails grants to states for old-age assistance. The second title encompasses federal Old-Age benefits. Third, grants to states for compensation for the unemployed. Fourth is a grant to states for aid to dependent children. Fifth is grants to states to maternal and child welfare (Cogan and Mitchell, 2013). Sixth is title for public health. Seventh is title for social security board. Eighth is title to taxes with respect to employment. The ninth tile is to tax on employees of eight or more employees. The tenth title is grants to states for aid for the blind. The eleventh title is general provisions. These grants are contributed by both the government and the working population. Both employees and employers contribute differently towards these grants. The federal government then allocated the grants to states based on the quality of a state’s population based on the number of dependent children mothers, unemployed persons and the elderly. This statistics are extracted from the most recent census to aid the allocation process (Cogan and Mitchell, 2013). The social security board manages the collection of revenues attributed to social security funds. Amendments to the Social Security Act of 1935 The first amendment was instituted four years after the signing of the original amendment. In 1939, the act was modified and the beneficiaries were not only the retired worker but also the children and spouse of the retired worker. Initially, the benefits were solely allocated to the retired worker and it was upon them to utilize the benefits on their family. However, after sometime it was discovered that a portion of retired workers misused the funds from their benefit scheme. Instead of using the funds in enriching their lives they wasted the money on personal needs as irresponsible consumption of alcohol (King and Wayne, 2009). To minimize these, the federal government decided to recognize both the children and spouse of a retired worker and they were also affiliated to the retired worker’s benefit. The first amendment was later preceded with a series of changes until the 2008 during Obama’s reign, there have been addition to the social security trustees. For instance Medicare has been slotted together with social security (Hodges, 2013). Not only financial benefits are allocated to the beneficiaries but also medical benefits. This is as a result of current concern for high quality Medicare which is expensive. Therefore, dependent mothers and children were more likely to miss out. But with the amendments of the current administration the poor and the physically challenge would also have equal chances in obtaining high quality healthcare as the rich in the society (King and Wayne, 2009). Effects of the Act Production in any system is determined by the morale manifested by the working force. The standard age of retrenchment is not an indicator of senescence in human resource capability. Retrenchment is a tactic used by the government to create employment opportunities for the youth. Therefore, when people retire form civil service, they might still productive in their present locations (Cogan and Mitchell, 2013). Grants allocated to the old serves as an inspiration to these elderly population. This money can be used in establishing small scale enterprises which serve as injection to the economy. Grants allocated to dependent children helps these children obtain education and end up as positive resource for the economy. Education is a positive contributor to strong economy. In addition, education is directly proportional to the economic strength of a country. As a result, the US poses as the strongest economy in the world based on positive human resource which is due to high quality education in the country (Hodges, 2013). Children without education or those who lack other basic needs end up in the streets. Once on the streets they are more likely to indulge in criminal activities to meet their needs. Consequently, this result to increased crime rate which ruins an economy. When dependent mothers lack sufficient financial support it leads to strenuous consequences. The first problem is associated with delivery of pregnant mothers. Since they are not capableof financing safe delivery costs in hospitals, they would opt for unsafe birth avenues which are cheaper and require lesser or no paper work (Gareth and Derthick, 2007). Unfortunately, this might lead to the  death of either the mother or child or both. High mortality rates also negatively impact the economy. However, with grants being offered to states for dependent mothers and children in the United States as a result of the social security Act negative attributes associated with dependent mothers and children are lower compared to other regions in the world (King and Wayne, 2009). In conclusion, Franklin Roosevelt unveiled a formidable mechanism of ensuring that all members of the society are catered for. In addition, the system also contributes positively towards the economy. Despite the amendment made to the act the primary objective has been maintained. References DeWitt, L., (2010) The Development of Social Security in America, Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 70(3) Hodges, K., (2013), Debating Social Security: Understanding and Evaluating Perspectives on the Social Security Act of 1935, Academy for College Career Exploration, Baltimore City Public School System King, T. and Wayne, C., (2009), The History of Major Changes to the Social Security System, The CPA Journal May Issue Gareth, D. and Derthick, M., (2007), Race and social welfare policy: The Social Security Act of 1935. Political Science Quarterly 112(2) Cogan, F. and Mitchell, O., (2013), Perspectives from the President’s Commission on Social Security reform, Journal of Economic Perspectives Vol. 17(2)

Women Nominized and Winners of the Nobel Prize :: essays research papers fc

CONTENT: 1.ALFRED BERNHARDT NOBEL 2.HISTORY OF THE NOBEL PRIZES 3.CRITERIA FOR AWARDING THE PRIZE 4.WOMEN NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS 5.WOMEN NOMINAZED AT THE NOBEL PRIZES 6.CONCLUSIONS-HALL OF FAME OF THE NOBEL PRIZES AND THEIR ROLE 7.BIBLIOGRAPHY MOTTO: With most sincere appreciation and respect, I thank Mrs.Chira Carmen for the valuable advises she gave me in the process of this project’s elaboration. I also express my gratitude for the attention and support she has given me throughout the time. CHAPTER I ALFRED BERNHARD NOBEL Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist who invented dynamite and other more powerful explosives and who also founded the Nobel Prize, Alfred Bernhard Nobel was the fourth son of Immanuel and Caroline Nobel. Immanuel was an inventor and engineer who had married Caroline Andrietta Ahlsell in 1827. The couple had eight children, of whom only Alfred and three brothers reached adulthood. Alfred was prone to illness as a child, but he enjoyed a close relationship with his mother and displayed a lively intellectual curiosity from an early age. He was interested in explosives, and he learned the fundamentals of engineering from his father. Immanuel, meanwhile, had failed at various business ventures until moving in 1837 to St. Petersburg in Russia, where he prospered as a manufacturer of explosive mines and machine tools. The Nobel family left Stockholm in 1842 to join the father in St. Petersburg. Alfred's newly prosperous parents were now able to send him to private tutors, and he proved to be an eager pupil. He was a competent chemist by age 16 and was fluent in English, French, German, and Russian, as well as Swedish. Alfred Nobel left Russia in 1850 to spend a year in Paris studying chemistry and then spent four years in the United States working under the direction of John Ericsson, the builder of the ironclad warship Monitor. Upon his return to St. Petersburg, Nobel worked in his father's factory, which made military equipment during the Crimean War. After the war ended in 1856, the company had difficulty switching to the peacetime production of steamboat machinery, and it went bankrupt in 1859.Alfred and his parents returned to Sweden, while his brothers Robert and Ludvig stayed behind in Russia to salvage what was left of the family business. Alfred soon began experimenting with explosives in a small laboratory on his father's estate. At the time, the only dependable explosive for use in mines was black powder, a form of gunpowder. A recently discovered liquid compound, nitroglycerin, was a much more powerful explosive, but it was so volatile that it could not be handled with any degree of safety.

Lumpkin

Plumbing was formed and slowly grew for the first half of the sass's. Due to rapid business growth in the latter part of the decade, Mr.. Limpkin decided to expand on the company's existing building. This expansion was made possible by a $1 50,000 loan approved by Ms. Mae Elli from Central National Bank. For the past 5 years Limpkin Plumbing has been banking with this bank, yet this was its first loan. The company regularly provides reports regarding its progress and Mr.. Limpkin keeps In contact with Ms. Elli.This makes them highly applicable for additional loans with this bank. While the projections were underestimated, this Is a positive sign that making the loan payments should not be a concern. Limpkin Plumbing is a well-managed business with high potential for future growth and success as long as it keeps operations under control and improves projection accuracy. Marketing Analysis Limpkin Plumbing's demand is slightly seasonal, with an increase in sales during the spring and e arly summer. Based on the company's projections, even they were not expecting the high increase of sales.While the projected a sales growth was 20%, the actual growth rate was 63. 1%. This increase proves that there was higher demand for Limpkin Plumbing's business. Perhaps with the newly added display areas, retail sales will Increase the net sales even more. This could give the business a competitive advantage in the future. One of the biggest issues I have with this company is the inaccuracy of its projections; especially for the inventory and accounts payable. Inventory from 1 998 to 1999 increased by 18. %; however, the projection for 2000 is only for a 10. 5% increase. If they are expanding to accommodate growth then I think the growth rate for inventory should have been higher. Operations Analysis As a wholesale distributed, Limpkin Plumbing operates with a high level of inventory that should be turned over swiftly. The inventory turnover rate for 1999 was 3. 80% and 3. 35% f or 2000. This decrease Is most likely due to the underestimated amount of purchases and depreciation for 2000. This however Is not necessarily a negative sign.If the demand was there from customers then purchases must be made. With the building expansion, hopefully Limpkin Plumbing can improve the efficiency of orders which will lead to a high turnover rate. This high amount of inventory is also affecting its liquidity based on the quick ratio. Unfortunately, the quick ratio for Limpkin Plumbing has decreased from 1. 73 to 0. 56. Company should take a look at their credit terms to see if they could collect more from customers. In regards to the company's cash conversion cycle it has decreased from 106. In 1999 to 83. In 2000. While the average collection period decreased minimally; the main driver for this is the decrease of the payable period from 45. 1 to 12. 7. Therefore, while customers are paying the company sooner, it is taking longer to pay vendors. This could possibly cause problems in the future. When comparing the fixed asset turnover of 1999 to 2000, there is a decrease of 18. 2%. This main reason for this is due to net sales not increasing enough in relation to the increase of net property and equipment. Mr..Limpkin should focus some of his attention on making s fixed assets for efficient to generate higher revenues. Financial Analysis To avoid unnecessary costs by renting additional space Limpkin Plumbing decided to use debt for the first time which changed their business structure greatly in regards to leverage. One of the most noticeable changes in its financial is the ROE increase of 8. 41 ; which is great for investors. Another change that deserves attention is the debt to equity ratio changing from 0. 22 in 1999 to 0. 96 in 2000; however, the projected ratio for 2000 was only 0. 5. Not only is the new loan driving this ratio to increase but also the accounts payable balance increasing by 494%. For future financing purposes, it may want to pay off some of the vendor accounts in order to help lower the DIE ratio to seem more attractive. Summary Overall, Mr.. Limpkin made the right decision to expand Limpkin Plumbing's warehouse by borrowing debt from Central National Bank. Based on the increase in both net sales and net income the company should have no problem repaying the loan and are a good candidate for future loans.However, I think they might run into some problems with vendors in the future if they do not start paying their account payable balances a little more attention. It should also find someone to provide them with more accurate projections. By having more accurate projections, they will be in a better position for not only future loans, but also prospective investors. So far, Mr.. Limpkin has done a great Job keeping in contact with Ms. Elli and should continue to do so in order to keep a trustworthy relationship for future banking and financing needs.

Free Essays on THE IRISH IN THE CIVIL WAR

When looking at the development of the United States, many groups have contributed to making our country to what it is today. But many times, the Irish’s accomplishments are forgotten about and their past is spotted with feelings of hatred. The Irish took part in many events and significant happenings of America’s history. One of the crises that they contributed to was the Civil War. Many Irish immigrants fought for the country, on both the Union and Confederate sides. The Irish Brigade is one of the most heard about groups of soldiers, but there were many more Irish who gave their lives for their country. Also, many Irishmen who fought in the war were honored as brilliant soldiers and some even becoming ranking officers. By the end of the Civil War, the Irish immigrants had left a mark on history and made a place for themselves in America. For many years, the controversy of the enslavement of blacks was a dividing issue between the North and the South. Many Northerners wanted to abolish slavery or at least confine it to the South. The Southerners did not want any restrictions put on slavery (Damon 9). Some Southern states threatened to withdraw from the Union if they were denied the right to own slaves (Damon 9). The South was outnumbered, outgunned, and outmanned, but they entered the Civil War with as much determination as the North had confidence (Courcy). The Irish Americans, like many other groups and families, were split by the war and having to choose sides. Many Irish in the North were in support of slavery. â€Å"They did not want to fight to free the slaves and thereby increase labor competition† (Takaki 152). They knew that if the slaves were freed, then they would be able to move to the North and compete with the Irish for their jobs. They feared economic competition (Horowitz 186). But th e thought of preserving their country had a greater influence on many Irish. Peter Welch, who became a color ser... Free Essays on THE IRISH IN THE CIVIL WAR Free Essays on THE IRISH IN THE CIVIL WAR When looking at the development of the United States, many groups have contributed to making our country to what it is today. But many times, the Irish’s accomplishments are forgotten about and their past is spotted with feelings of hatred. The Irish took part in many events and significant happenings of America’s history. One of the crises that they contributed to was the Civil War. Many Irish immigrants fought for the country, on both the Union and Confederate sides. The Irish Brigade is one of the most heard about groups of soldiers, but there were many more Irish who gave their lives for their country. Also, many Irishmen who fought in the war were honored as brilliant soldiers and some even becoming ranking officers. By the end of the Civil War, the Irish immigrants had left a mark on history and made a place for themselves in America. For many years, the controversy of the enslavement of blacks was a dividing issue between the North and the South. Many Northerners wanted to abolish slavery or at least confine it to the South. The Southerners did not want any restrictions put on slavery (Damon 9). Some Southern states threatened to withdraw from the Union if they were denied the right to own slaves (Damon 9). The South was outnumbered, outgunned, and outmanned, but they entered the Civil War with as much determination as the North had confidence (Courcy). The Irish Americans, like many other groups and families, were split by the war and having to choose sides. Many Irish in the North were in support of slavery. â€Å"They did not want to fight to free the slaves and thereby increase labor competition† (Takaki 152). They knew that if the slaves were freed, then they would be able to move to the North and compete with the Irish for their jobs. They feared economic competition (Horowitz 186). But th e thought of preserving their country had a greater influence on many Irish. Peter Welch, who became a color ser...

Psyche and Her Progeny

Psyche and Her Progeny Psyche and Her Progeny Psyche and Her Progeny By Maeve Maddox The origin of our word psyche is the Greek noun psukhe, denoting both breath and the life represented by breath: â€Å"the animating principle in man and other living beings.† The word has been a rich source of words in English and other languages. In the classical myth of Cupid and Psyche, the woman Psyche represents the human soul. The earliest extant written version of this story appears in the second-century novel The Golden Ass by Apuleius. Its inclusion echoes the theme of the novel: the soul’s search for union with the divine. The prefix psych/psycho has been used in English since the 17th century. The earliest meaning of psychology was â€Å"the study or consideration of the soul or spirit.† Until the 19th century, psychology was considered to be a branch of philosophy; gradually it developed into a science concerned not with the soul or spirit, but with the human mind. Most of the English words formed with the combining form psych- date from the 19th century. Most have scientific applications, but a few have gone mainstream. Here are a few examples of psych words with their most common definitions: psych (transitive verb): to influence psychologically; to intimidate, demoralize. Example: He tried to psych me out, but I didn’t fall for it. psyched (adjective): excited, stimulated, enthusiastic. Example: I’m really psyched about the movie. psychedelic (noun): a drug (usually illicit) that produces an alteration in the mind; adjective: producing an alteration of consciousness, often accompanied by hallucinations. psychiatry (noun): The branch of medicine concerned with the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness. psychology (noun): the branch of science that deals with the mind as an entity and in its relationship to the body and to the environmental or social context. psychic (noun): a person with psychic abilities; (adjective): appearing to have psychical powers, especially of telepathy or clairvoyance. psycho (noun): any person exhibiting odd or deranged behavior, especially when violent or hostile. psychoanalysis (noun): a therapeutic method, originated by Sigmund Freud, for treating mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the patients mind psychodrama (noun): a psychotherapeutic exercise in which patients act out feelings and problems in front of others; used colloquially to mean any interaction involving the expression of deep feelings. Psychodrama is also a term given to a play, film, or novel in which psychological elements are the main interest. psychokinesis (noun): the supposed phenomenon whereby physical objects are moved or affected by mental or psychic effort; telekinesis. psycholinguistics (noun): the branch of linguistics that deals with the psychological processes inherent in language acquisition and use. psychometrics (noun): the measurement of mental capacity, thought processes, aspects of personality, etc., esp. by mathematical or statistical analysis of quantitative data; the science or study of this; (also) the construction and application of psychological tests. psychopath (noun): a mentally ill person who is highly irresponsible and antisocial and also violent or aggressive. psychosis (noun): severe mental illness, characterized by loss of contact with reality. psychotic (adjective): of, relating to, or suffering from psychosis. psychotropic (adjective): of a drug or plant affecting the mind. psychopomp (noun): a mythical conductor or guide of souls to the place of the dead. One of the duties of the Greek god Hermes (Roman: Mercury) was that of psychopomp he conducted the souls of the dead to Hades. metempsychosis (noun): transmigration of the soul, passage of the soul from one body to another. Pythagoras taught metempsychosis and recommended a vegetarian diet, perhaps to avoid the possibility of eating any ancestors who might have reincarnated as animals. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Is She a "Lady" or a "Woman"?At Your DisposalPassed vs Past

When to Spell Out Numbers

When to Spell Out Numbers When to Spell Out Numbers When to Spell Out Numbers By Maeve Maddox Reader Pam points out a significant difference between technical writing and non-technical writing: On your 10 rules for numbers, rule #2 doesnt tell the whole story, especially for technical writers. Any numbers used with measurements (time, distance) must be expressed as figures in technical writing (8 months, 6-inch nails, 9 p.m.) With any kind of writing, context determines usage, and a style guide appropriate to the genre must be the writer’s final authority. Writing online, David A. McMurrey, author of Processes in Technical Writing (Macmillan 1988), has this to say about the use of numerals in technical writing: The main hurdle to overcome is to learn that in technical contexts, we use numerals in text, even ones below 10. In other words, we break the rules that are taught in regular writing courses and that are used in normal publishing and copyediting practice. Thats because in the technical and scientific context, we are vitally interested in numbers, statistical data, even if its a 2 or 5 or- yes- even a 0. He acknowledges the difficulty in defining the rules, and distinguishes between â€Å"important† and â€Å"unimportant† numbers. You should use numerals, not words, when the number is a key value, an exact measurement value, or both. For example, in the sentence Our computer backup system uses 4 mm tape the numeral is in order. He gives these examples in which the word is preferable to the numeral: There are four key elements that define a desktop publishing system. There are six data types in the C programming language. Like the general writer, the technical writer is advised against beginning a sentence with a numeral: write the number out or, better yet, rephrase the sentence so that it doesnt begin the sentence. McMurrey concludes his rules about the writing of numerals with a reminder of the importance of context: Apply these rules in specifically technical, scientific contexts only. Be sensitive to what the standard practices are in the context in which you are writing. Recommendations to spell or not to spell a number differ from style book to style book. Many, for example, advise spelling numbers 1-10 and using numerals for eleven and up. I don’t follow that rule because I don’t like the way 11 looks in a sentence. Here’s the Chicago Manual of Style’s General Rule about the use of numerals: In nontechnical contexts, the following are spelled out: whole numbers from one through one hundred, round numbers, and any number beginning a sentence. For other numbers, numerals are used. The CMOS then goes on to treat the numerous exceptions and special cases at length. Bottom line: When it comes to writing numbers as numerals or as words, consider context, and equip yourself with an appropriate style book for the work at hand. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with HeartHow to Pronounce MobileSupervise vs. Monitor

Occupy Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Occupy Movement - Essay Example In the recent years this movement has seen arrests, police raids and police brutality during their activities. This movement is seen as an organization that is voicing out the overwhelming grievances of the working class majority (Fleming 54). The Occupy Movement begun by targeting Wall Street due to its role in the 2008 economic meltdown that led to the commencing of the great recession. This great recession saw thousands of Americans lose their jobs and even their homes due to foreclosures. Occupy movement are of the view that Wall Street’s perilous loaning services that involve mortgage-backed securities which in the long-run do not bring in any returns, was the major cause of the meltdown. They are also of the view that the government bailout ruptured a sense of propriety. According to followers of this movement Wall Street recklessly and without insight violated the credit default swap market. and the volatility of the market ought to have been realized earlier. They demand that action be taken against the people in Wall Street who were directly linked to this. The movement has been mostly criticized due to the fact that most of its followers have different messages and goals concerning the movement. However, I believe that although this is true whereby different followers have different viewpoints regarding the movement, the fundamental message of the Occupy Movement is quite coherent. Douglas Rushkoff who is a CNN reporter stipulated that although the followers of the movement have not yet reached the point of outlining an exact list of grievances or the best way to solve them anybody of the opinion that they do not understand what this people are protesting about is being a blatant liar (Times 27). Whether or not we are of their opinion, it is clear what they are distraught about and that they are fighting for a just cause. It is well known that investment bankers who carry out their activities in Wall Street are continuously

Hormone replacement therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hormone replacement therapy - Essay Example On the other hand, low-dose vaginal medicines of estrogen, coming in the form of cream, pills or a ring can properly control vaginal symptoms and a number of urinary complications, while limiting body absorption. Low-dose vaginal medications do not prevent hot flashes, osteoporosis or night sweats. Long-term use of systemic hormone therapy for the inhibition of postmenopausal complications is no longer regularly advisable. But some research findings show that estrogen reduces the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases when administered early in menopause (Kaygusuz et al, 2014).     For cases of early menopause in women, estrogen is essentially prescribed together with progesterone-rich medications. The need to balance estrogen concentration levels with progesterone is because the former hormone alone can stimulate the thickening of the uterine walls, thus increase the prevalence of cancer of the uterus (Kaygusuz et al, 2014). Any woman whose uterus has been removed does not need t o take hormone replacement therapy, because it would be meaningless.Demerits of hormone therapy  Despite the advantages of hormone replacement therapy, it carries with it several risks. The use of estrogen-progestin drugs in known to soar the prevalence of certain grave complications, including: cardiovascular diseases, stroke, breast cancer, and blood clots (Kaygusuz et al, 2014). As Kaygusuz et al (2014) said, the therapy should be administered to a healthy woman who has: a) experiences of moderate to serious menopausal symptoms.

Health Policy in Florida Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Policy in Florida - Assignment Example According to the research, it can, therefore, be said that  a few reasons when combined produce the effect of the unusually high price of healthcare in the state of Florida. For example, the state has passed many statutes and regulations since 1985 that require transparency disclosures from physicians and hospitals but this disclosure does not include insurance companies. Ultimately, they exploit this opportunity. For example, a website administered by the state authorities called www.floridahealthfinder.gov provides consumers average and medical services charged by the hospitals but it does not mention reimbursement rates. Keeping this prices as secrets prevent lawmakers and healthcare policymakers from making better policies. Florida healthcare Coalition has put out many reports pointing out flaws in the system over the past years but they did not sit well with the hospitals. According to Becky Cherney, FHCC President and CEO, they blame the committee for coming up with biased da ta. There are also some genuine hurdles in making the process transparent. For instance, providing healthcare pricing to consumers in a form that they can readily understand is complicated because every patient has unique needs. One cannot just put a standard for disclosing to the public to which every healthcare facility would adhere to. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 supports the notion that healthcare is a right and not a privilege. The intent of the law is to secure the maximum number of US citizens with healthcare. Making health care available to every individual at an affordable price is the motive of such an act. The affordable care act tends to create new incentives for changing clinical practices. The change in such practices as needed to provide better coordination and quality. Such coordination also gives physicians more information so they can practice their medical skills better than before. However, wasting funds and abusing health care programs cost taxpayers billions of dollars.

Carbohydrate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Carbohydrate - Essay Example The apparent simplicity of these processes proved deceptive. The number of chemically definable units increased with accelerated speed from the beginning of the nineteenth century. Toward its end, the very multiplicity which sometimes became confusing made it possible to solve many problems. The genius of the great "natural philosophers" of earlier times had its successors in the genius of chemists who constructed a new unity by fitting together separate pieces of special experience. At first, however, the organismic products had to be taken apart and transferred from a biological system to that of elements and molecules. In 1827 William Prout (1785- 1850) distinguished between three groups of food materials: fats, proteins, and sugars. From the combustion of sugars which he carried out he concluded that sugars are related to starch and characterized by containing oxygen and hydrogen in the proportions in which these elements are present in water. They are hydrates of carbon, or carbohydrates. The conversion of starch into the sugar found in grape juice (glucose) was carried out by Gottlieb Sigismund Kirchhoff, a German pharmacist in Russia, in two ways: by heating with dilute sulfuric acid or by digesting with the "gluten" of malt (1811, 1814). Glucose was also obtained by the action of certain specific plant extracts on substances like amygdaline or salicin. Latirent proposed to call these substances "glucosamides" (1852) which Gerhardt simplified to "glycosides." They are split by enzymes into glucose and such complex materials as the nitrile of benzaldehyde (Foster-Powell, K., Brand Miller, 1995). When Alexander Butlerow (1828- 1886, Kasan) subjected a new substance, which was later found to be formaldehyde, to a digestion with limewater, he obtained (1861) "the first example of the synthetic production of a substance which behaves like a sugar." Baeyer explained this reaction (1870) as starting from a hydrate of formaldehyde, CH 2 ((OH) 2, and consisting of a combination of six such molecules with removal of six molecules of water. The sugar thus had the formula COH(C [OH] H) 4.CH 2 0H. This speculation used the results of an investigation of mannit, an alcohol obtained from manna. Berthelot, as a sequence of his work on the tribasic alcohol glycerine, recognized mannit as a hexabasic alcohol 1860); its reduction to the hydrocarbon hexane, by means of hydroiodic acid, proved the arrangement of the carbon atoms in a straight chain. This proof, in turn, was possible only because of the comparison of this hexane with other hydrocarbons. A. Wurtz applied his findings of aldehyde condensations, in which only two aldehyde molecules were involved, to the problem of the constitution of glucose. Oxidations to sugar acids and reduction to mannit were further helps in solving the problem. The chemical constitution of fructose, which is combined with glucose in cane sugar (sucrose), could be interpreted (1880) from the acids obtained by oxidizing the addition compound with hydrocyanic acid (Foster-Powell, Miller, 1995). Cellulose also belongs to the group of carbohydrates, since the addition of molecular water, under the influence of strong sulfuric acid, converts it into glucose (Braconnot, 1819). Wood contains a large proportion of cellulose and lignin. The two call be separated, according to Anselme Payen ( 1795- 1871,

Just Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Just Health - Essay Example "Is health, and therefore health care and other factors that affect health, of special moral importance?" 2. "When are health inequalities unjust? 3. â€Å"How can we meet health needs fairly under resource restraints?" (Daniels, 2008) This essay will evaluate the conceptualization of healthcare, global poverty, and world hunger on a common moral basis related to human need through an analysis of these ‘Three Questions of Justice’ in the works of Amartya Sen, Ronald Dworkin, John Rawls, and other modern scholars. In relating the issue of human needs to human rights through the lens of the moral imperative, the essay will seek to understand how societies and groups build political consensus and collectively address issues of human suffering through political organizations. This analysis includes an exploration of the theoretical and practical limits of humanitarian activity related to egalitarian economic rights frameworks and the goals of universal healthcare that are f ound in democracy, capitalism, and human rights. The moral awareness of the individual creates the categorical imperative to act, join into groups of free-association, build policies, and reform institutions to provide universal healthcare globally. This is based in human altruism fundamentally by definition. The issues of resource scarcity in society are only limited if the individual chooses to perceive them that way or they are controlled forcibly in a way that is inconsistent with the equality of human need defined through altruism. Similarly, they will only be enacted as policy or viewed as â€Å"universals† in society if enough people share these goals in group organizations collectively. Reform of institutions to implement economic rights or universal healthcare popularly is based in the shared moral awareness. The means of funding this process is limited only by resource restraints as individuals conceive them, and these are not inherent to society. Rather, the cost o f universal healthcare is negligible compared to what society wastes on what can be considered non-essential goods and services or â€Å"socialism for the rich† as it operates under the hegemony of corporate democracy in modern America. Because the coercive aspects of wealth distribution are resisted politically, an ideal solution to Daniels’ â€Å"Three Questions of Justice† can only be implemented if people base their social decisions and policies on selfless, compassionate, and altruistic understanding of human needs and global development, highlighting the need for mind-change (metanoia) in the individual as the basis for the reform of institutions and policy. The shared fundamentals of both humanism and religion provide a basis for the realization of these goals in human society, yet education in moral values can be seen as the preferred method of achieving for lasting change in institutions and governance. II. Healthcare - Human Need Creates the Moral Impe rative One way to interpret Daniels’ ‘Three Questions of Justice’ as they relate to the evolution of culture and civilization historically is to view healthcare issues related to global poverty, hunger, clean water, and sanitation of a special

Evaluate the different schools of thought that exist with regard to Essay

Evaluate the different schools of thought that exist with regard to stabilisation of business cycles - Essay Example (1) Self-correcting mechanism (2) Keynesian theory of business cycles (3) Real business cycle theory. The self-correcting mechanism states that if any of the major economic problems (inefficiency, slow growth, instability etc.) would occur in the economy then the mechanisms of â€Å"self interest† and â€Å"invisible hand† will rectify these problems. The self-correcting mechanism was proposed by Adam Smith. He suggested that in any such condition the forces of demand and supply will work automatically and the equilibrium will be restored by self correcting mechanism. But when the self-correcting mechanism failed badly due to problems such as inflation and unemployment, John Maynard Keynes, the founder of macro economics, disagreed with the phenomenon of self-correcting mechanism. In his theory he has focused on the role of government and the aggregate demand. J.M. Keynes has suggested that the higher the level of the aggregate demand, the higher will be the level of em ployment, supply and economy. In his theory he has discussed the demand side of the business cycle. He suggested that whenever there is a downfall in the economy the government should increase the aggregate demand through economic policies (fiscal and monetary) and through increase in investment expenditure. According to him a raise in aggregate demand will result in growth in supply, employment, income and economy.

Carbohydrate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Carbohydrate - Essay Example The apparent simplicity of these processes proved deceptive. The number of chemically definable units increased with accelerated speed from the beginning of the nineteenth century. Toward its end, the very multiplicity which sometimes became confusing made it possible to solve many problems. The genius of the great "natural philosophers" of earlier times had its successors in the genius of chemists who constructed a new unity by fitting together separate pieces of special experience. At first, however, the organismic products had to be taken apart and transferred from a biological system to that of elements and molecules. In 1827 William Prout (1785- 1850) distinguished between three groups of food materials: fats, proteins, and sugars. From the combustion of sugars which he carried out he concluded that sugars are related to starch and characterized by containing oxygen and hydrogen in the proportions in which these elements are present in water. They are hydrates of carbon, or carbohydrates. The conversion of starch into the sugar found in grape juice (glucose) was carried out by Gottlieb Sigismund Kirchhoff, a German pharmacist in Russia, in two ways: by heating with dilute sulfuric acid or by digesting with the "gluten" of malt (1811, 1814). Glucose was also obtained by the action of certain specific plant extracts on substances like amygdaline or salicin. Latirent proposed to call these substances "glucosamides" (1852) which Gerhardt simplified to "glycosides." They are split by enzymes into glucose and such complex materials as the nitrile of benzaldehyde (Foster-Powell, K., Brand Miller, 1995). When Alexander Butlerow (1828- 1886, Kasan) subjected a new substance, which was later found to be formaldehyde, to a digestion with limewater, he obtained (1861) "the first example of the synthetic production of a substance which behaves like a sugar." Baeyer explained this reaction (1870) as starting from a hydrate of formaldehyde, CH 2 ((OH) 2, and consisting of a combination of six such molecules with removal of six molecules of water. The sugar thus had the formula COH(C [OH] H) 4.CH 2 0H. This speculation used the results of an investigation of mannit, an alcohol obtained from manna. Berthelot, as a sequence of his work on the tribasic alcohol glycerine, recognized mannit as a hexabasic alcohol 1860); its reduction to the hydrocarbon hexane, by means of hydroiodic acid, proved the arrangement of the carbon atoms in a straight chain. This proof, in turn, was possible only because of the comparison of this hexane with other hydrocarbons. A. Wurtz applied his findings of aldehyde condensations, in which only two aldehyde molecules were involved, to the problem of the constitution of glucose. Oxidations to sugar acids and reduction to mannit were further helps in solving the problem. The chemical constitution of fructose, which is combined with glucose in cane sugar (sucrose), could be interpreted (1880) from the acids obtained by oxidizing the addition compound with hydrocyanic acid (Foster-Powell, Miller, 1995). Cellulose also belongs to the group of carbohydrates, since the addition of molecular water, under the influence of strong sulfuric acid, converts it into glucose (Braconnot, 1819). Wood contains a large proportion of cellulose and lignin. The two call be separated, according to Anselme Payen ( 1795- 1871,

Evaluate the different schools of thought that exist with regard to Essay

Evaluate the different schools of thought that exist with regard to stabilisation of business cycles - Essay Example (1) Self-correcting mechanism (2) Keynesian theory of business cycles (3) Real business cycle theory. The self-correcting mechanism states that if any of the major economic problems (inefficiency, slow growth, instability etc.) would occur in the economy then the mechanisms of â€Å"self interest† and â€Å"invisible hand† will rectify these problems. The self-correcting mechanism was proposed by Adam Smith. He suggested that in any such condition the forces of demand and supply will work automatically and the equilibrium will be restored by self correcting mechanism. But when the self-correcting mechanism failed badly due to problems such as inflation and unemployment, John Maynard Keynes, the founder of macro economics, disagreed with the phenomenon of self-correcting mechanism. In his theory he has focused on the role of government and the aggregate demand. J.M. Keynes has suggested that the higher the level of the aggregate demand, the higher will be the level of em ployment, supply and economy. In his theory he has discussed the demand side of the business cycle. He suggested that whenever there is a downfall in the economy the government should increase the aggregate demand through economic policies (fiscal and monetary) and through increase in investment expenditure. According to him a raise in aggregate demand will result in growth in supply, employment, income and economy.

Guyana-Land of Many Waters Essay Example for Free

Guyana-Land of Many Waters Essay Guyana (guy-anna),[6] officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana,[1] is a sovereign state on the northern coast of South America. Culturally Guyana is part of the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana is one of the few Caribbean countries that is not an island. The Caribbean Community (CARICOM), of which Guyana is a member, has its secretariats headquarters in Guyanas capital, Georgetown. Guyana was originally colonized by the Netherlands. Later, it became a British colony and remained so for over 200 years until it achieved independence on 26 May 1966 from the United Kingdom. On 23 February 1970, Guyana officially became a republic. In 2008, the country joined the Union of South American Nations as a founding member. Guyana, a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations, is the only South American nation whose official language is English. Historically, the region known as Guiana or Guyana comprised the large shield landmass north of the Amazon River and east of the Orinoco River known as the Land of many waters. Historical Guyana consists of three Dutch colonies: Essequibo, Demerara, and Berbice. Modern Guyana is bordered by Suriname to the east; by Brazil to the south and southwest; by Venezuela to the west; and by the Atlantic Ocean to the north. At 215,000 square kilometres (83,000 sq mi), Guyana is the third-smallest independent state on the mainland of South America after Uruguay and Suriname. Its population is approximately 770,000. The name Guyana is derived from Guiana, the original name for the region that now includes Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and parts of Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the name comes from an Amerindian word meaning land of many waters. here are nine Native American tribes residing in Guyana: the Wai Wai, Machushi, Patamona, Arawak, Carib, Wapishana, Arecuna, Akawaio, and Warrau. Historically the Arawak and Carib tribes dominated Guyana. Although Christopher Columbus sighted Guyana during his third voyage (in 1498), the Dutch were the first to establish colonies: Essequibo (1616), Berbice (1627), and Demerara (1752). After the British assumed control in the late 18th century, the Dutch formally ceded the area in 1814. In 1831 the three separate colonies became a single British colony known as British Guiana. A map of Dutch Guiana 1667–1814. Since Independence in 1824, Venezuela has claimed the area of land to the west of the Essequibo River. Simon Bolivar wrote to the British government warning against the Berbice and Demerara settlers settling on land which the Venezuelans claimed was theirs. In 1899 an international tribunal ruled the land belonged to Great Britain. Map of British Guiana. Guyana achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 26 May 1966 and became a republic on 23 February 1970, remaining a member of the Commonwealth. The US State Department and the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), along with the British government, played a strong role in influencing political control in Guyana during this time. The American government supported Forbes Burnham during the early years of independence because Cheddi Jagan was identified as a Marxist. They provided secret financial support and political campaign advice to Burnhams Peoples National Congress, to the detriment of the Jagan-led Peoples Progressive Party, which was mostly supported by Native American Guyanese. In 1978, Guyana received international notice when 918 members of the American cult, Peoples Temple, died in a mass murder/suicide. Most of the suicides were American and more than 300 children were killed; the people were members of a group led by Jim Jones in Jonestown, the settlement which they had created. Jim Jones bodyguards had earlier attacked people landing at a small remote airstrip close to Jonestown, killing five people, including Leo Ryan, the only congressman ever murdered in the line of duty in US history. In May 2008, President Bharrat Jagdeo was a signatory to the UNASUR Constitutive Treaty of the Union of South American Nations. Guyana has ratified the treaty.

Ameloblastoma Case Study

Ameloblastoma Case Study Introduction: Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic epithelial tumor of the jaw bones. [REF] It was first described by Churchill in 1881 and defined by Robinson as a tumor that is usually â€Å"unicentric, nonfunctional, intermittent in growth, anatomically benign, and clinically persistent†.[M] Although most ameloblastomas are histologically benign and lack cytological atypia, they are generally considered to be locally aggressive and destructive, exhibiting various rates of recurrence. [K] WHO describes four variants of ameloblastoma, i.e. solid multicystic- follicular, plexiform, desmoplastic and unicystic. [Ref] However, many unusual histological variants have been reported in the past that mimic the conventional ameloblastomas but present with a widely variable histological presentation. Only few cases of such histological variants though have been reported in the literature which has made it difficult to predict the clinical course and biological behaviour of these variants. He re, we report a case of verrucopapillary ameloblastoma which is a very uncommon histopathological variant of ameloblastoma. Case report: An 18 year old male patient reported with a chief complaint of swelling in the right side of the lower jaw near the body of the mandible since 3 months which was visible on extraorally. The swelling was hard in consistency and was not associated with pain, paresthesia or discharge. The loco-regional lymph nodes were not palpable. On intraoral examination, the overlying mucosa showed swelling in the right buccal vestibular region without any signs of ulceration or paresthesia. The teeth in the region showed positive response to stimulus on vitality testing. The panoramic radiograph showed a lytic lesion with well defined margins in the premolar–molar region extending distal to the mandibular right second molar. The orthopantomograph of the patient showed a radiolucent multilocular osteolytic lesion extending from the distal periradicular area of 43 till right posterior body angle region corresponding to mesial crown outline of 48 antero-posteriorly and from the alveolar crest t ill the inferior mandibular cortex supero-inferiorly. The 3D cone beam computed tomography reconstruction showed a lesion measuring 5.9cm x 3.2cm x 2.7cm in size with fine curved and linear bony septae in the centre of the osteolytic area. The lesion was expansile with perforation of the buccal and lingual cortical plates and thinning of the inferior border of the mandible. The histopathological examination of the submitted specimen showed an unencapsulated lesion with mature fibrocellular stroma with proliferating odontogenic islands. The periphery of the tumour showed cystic cavity lined by hyperkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium of varying thickeness. The lining epithelium was thrown into multiple sharp or blunt and rounded verrucopapillary projections into the cystic lumen plugged by keratin. These projections were supported by thin connective tissue cores. Keratin was seen deposited on the surface in the form of parallel lamella and keratin flakes were also present. An unusual finding seen in our case was the presence of acantholytic cells with areas of focal necrosis on the surfa. The lining epithelium shows basal layer with columnar cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and peripheral palisading with surface keratinization and cellular vacuolization indicative of KCOT like areas. Multiple odontogenic islands with peripheral columnar odontogenic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei were present in the connectice tissue stroma. The suppoting connective tissue stroma showed epithelial islands with acanthomatous changes and microcystic degeneration. Interconnecting strands of odontogenic epithelium resembling the plexiform variant were also present. The connective tissue was densely fibrocellular with numerous dilated and engorged blood vessels. Immunohistochemical staining with Ki-67 antibody showed intense positivity in the basal and supra-basal cells with infrequent positivity in the superficial cells indicative of high proliferative potential of the les ion. Immunohistichemical staining with anti-p53 antibody showed basal and suprabasal positivity of the lining epithelium suggestive of mutation in the tumour suppressor gene. Based on the histopathologic evaluation, a diagnosis of papilliferous keratoameloblastoma was given. The lesion was removed completely with wide excision and the patient has not reported back with any recurrence two after the surgery. Discussion: Ameloblastomas are common odontogenic tumour that show diverse, yet pathognomic histopathological features. However, wide variation has been reported in the past regarding the histopathological presentation of ameloblastoma. Squamous metaplasia has been reported commonly in the acanthomatous variant of ameloblastoma where the central stellate reticulum like areas are replaced by squamoid cells. This keratinization is well documented in some lesions such as odontogenic keratocyst, acanthomatous ameloblastoma, calcifying odontogenic cyst, squamous odontogenic tumor, and squamous odontogenic carcinoma. [G] Keratin formation has also been reported in another variant of ameloblastoma termed keratoameloblastoma, which was first described by Pindborg in 1970. Another variant of keratoameloblastoma, with verrucopapillary projections into the lumen has been reported under the name papilliferous ameloblastoma. Till date, 15 cases have reported in English literature with papilliferous histologi c components in ameloblastoma. [F] The distinction between acanthomatous ameloblastoma with keratin production and keratoameloblastoma is not clear. WHO in 2005 described keratin with pearl formation in ameloblastoma under the histologic variant of acanthomatous ameloblastoma. In 1992 classification of odontogenic tumours by WHO, it was defined as ameloblastoma with extensive keratinization. [G] However, Morgan et al have described ameloblastoma with unequivocal keratinization occurring in the centre of the epithelial follicles at the expense of the stellate reticulum-like areas as a keratoameloblastoma. Norval et al suggested that keratoameloblastoma should be considered a variant of acanthomatous ameloblastoma.[F] However, one criteria to distinguish acanthomatous ameloblastoma form keratoameloblastoma is the presence of keratin in the connective tissue stroma as compared to acanthomatous ameloblastoma which has keratin only in the areas showing sqauamous metaplasia in the centre of odontogenic islands and follicle. [H, cross ref 7] The present case in a male patient in the right mandibular body region is similar in presentation as compared to previously reported cases except the age of the patient which is comparatively younger (second decade) as compared to mean age of presentation of KA with papilliferous proliferation which occur at a relatively older age (mean age of occurrence in sixth decade). The right side of the mandible is commonly involved as compared to the left (2:1) with most cases reported in the posterior body-ramus region. [H] Our case differs from the previous cases in showing multiple papilliferous projections with acantholytic cells with necrotic and hemorrhagic material in the lumen and dilated, congested blood vessels. The lesion also showed multiple solid islands of odontogenic epithelium with hyperchromatic nuclei in the connective tissue stroma.[H] Whitt et al have described 4 variants of ameloblastoma showing keratin formation (Table 1). Corio et al.20 have described a keratinizing ameloblastic carcinoma showing the typical histologic features of malignancy in their series of ameloblastic carcinomas, which included pleomorphism, increased nuclear/cytoplastic ratio, nuclear hyperchromatism, increased numbers of mitotic figures, abnormal mitotic figures, and necrosis. Our case fulfils the criteria of papilliferous type of KA. The present case exhibited an elevated level of mitotic activity, altered p53 profile and proliferation index (Ki-67). It can be inferred that the lesion is comparatively more aggressive locally as compared to conventional ameloblastoma, and should be excised extensively to avoid local recurrence. [F] However, it is still unclear how the production of keratin in histopathologic variants of ameloblastoma affects the biological behaviour and prognosis of such lesions. The probable reason could be attributed to less number of reported cases with follow up of such variant to comment definitively on its behaviour. [G] Conclusion: Papilliferous keratoameloblastomas refers to a variant of ameloblastoma that is rarely reported and its biological behaviour is poorly understood. The present case shows higher proliferative activity in the basal and suprabasal cells of the tumour providing an indication of its local aggressiveness as compared to the conventional ameloblastomas. Presently, such lesions are treated in a manner similar to conventional ameloblastomas, though it lacks any authoritative evidence. Report of more such cases with longer follow up duration and molecular profiling is required in the future to completely understand the spectrum of clinical and histological features, biological behaviour and prognosis of such cases. Table 1 : Types Of Keratoameloblastoma Based On Histopathological Features(Whitt et al) Histological type Features Papilliferous histology Odontogenic epithelium is in papillary projections into the cystic spaces Simple histology Epithelial follicles filled with parakeratin or orthokeratin and lined by ameloblast like cells with reversal of polarity Simple histology with odontogenic keratocyst (OKC)-like features Features of conventional odontogenic keratocyst in addition to simple type Complex histology Epithelial follicles packed with parakeratin or orthokeratin, extrusion of keratin masses into connective tissue stroma in the form of pacinian like stacks with or without foreign body reaction; also there may be hard tissue formation resembling cementum and woven bone

British Imperialism and the Crisis in the Sudan Essay -- Darfur Region

British Imperialism and the Crisis in the Sudan Introduction One of the world’s worst humanitarian crisis is currently unfolding in the Darfur region of the Sudan. For the past 22 months, more than 70,000 Sudanese have been killed, and nearly 2 million people have fled their homes to neighboring countries. This paper attempts to explore this present day civil war and genocide taking place in the Sudan. This is an event of epic proportions that will have vast implications for the future of the country and the continent. Understanding the history of European colonialism in Africa, as focused through the lense of the Sudan, is the purpose of this paper. Primarily, the paper will analyze the history of European imperialism in the region of the Sudan, and attempt to understand how the British occupation of the country provided the framework and foundation for many of the problems today. Furthermore this paper will explore the implications that this genocide will have in the international realm of politics; the lack of media expos ure of such an horrific event is another avenue of exploration in this paper. In present day Sudan the country is divided across political and religious lines that are so deeply rooted that a peace resolution does not seem likely in the near future. The world is simply waiting and hoping that the conflict will be resolved internally without aid from the outside world. The manner in which the world is responding to the conflict in the Sudan is indicative of the manner in which the world has always viewed Africa and its people. Dating back to as early the 1400s the world has always viewed the people of Africa as second-class citizens and have treated them as such. This mindset still p... ...aphy Anderson, G. Norman. Sudan in Crisis: The Failure of Democracy. Gainesville: University Press of Florida,1999. Khalid,Mansour. War and Peace in Sudan.London: Kegan Paul, 2003. Thomas, Graham F. Sudan: Struggle for Suvival. London: Darf Publishers Ltd., 1990. Voll, John O. Sudan: State and Society in Crisis. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991. The Economist. 31 July 2004. â€Å"Human Rights Watch.† http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/08/27/darfur9268.htm 27 August 2004. â€Å"Socialist Party.† http://www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/sep04/ â€Å"Oxfam News†.http://oxfam.ca/news/Sudan/Q&A2.htm. November 2004. â€Å"Socialist.net†.http://www.socialistworld.net/index2.html?/eng/2004/09/07sudan.html. â€Å"BBC News†.http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3496731.stm. â€Å"U.S. Department of State†.http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5424.htm. October 2004.

Comparing The Color Purple and Macbeth :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing The Color Purple and Macbeth What is a perfect human? Human perfection may be measured by physical ability or intellectual achievement; however, it may also be measured by strength of character, and in this realm humans may often fall short. Weakness of character, shown through various character flaws, causes most of the hardships in life. Literature such as Shakespeare's Macbeth and Alison Walker's The Color Purple contain three levels of characters: setting characters, secondary characters and the main character. Combined, these three all contribute character flaws which leads to the novel or play's ultimate tragedy. The setting character appears in the beginning of a piece of literature to give one a feel and sense of how the piece will reach out to the reader. King Duncan sets the atmosphere in Macbeth when we see different characters take advantage of his character flaw, naivete. Immediately we begin to see some of the major themes such as betrayal and manipulation and know what direction the play will take. King Duncan's naivete is first shown when we find out that the former Thane of Cawdor has betrayed King Duncan and that he did not have any idea of it. This incident then prepares us for King Duncan's meeting with Lady Macbeth, where Lady Macbeth deceives King Duncan. We know Lady Macbeth is not loyal, yet he considers her his "honour'd hostess.../Which still [he] thank[s] and love[s]" (I. vi. 9-12). Once again when naive King Duncan puts his trust into the hands of disloyal Macbeth by making him Thane of Cowdar, the atmosphere and plot advances by making Macbeth's future plans possible. Celie's mother, in the beginning of the novel The Color Purple, is a very small but effective setting character. Her character flaw was irresponsible parenting because she did not protect her daughter. With this lack of protection, Celie did not have any female role models when she was growing up. Therefore, Celie was not able to become knowledgeable about life and have good female company. Another effect this flaw had on the protagonist was that she had no one to teach her how to understand herself. Celie was unable to realize all of the wonderful qualities of being and becoming a woman. Because she could not appreciate being a woman, she was unable to appreciate herself, and therefore had a lack of self confidence.

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

First of all Mercutio is considered a character foil in the play because he only sees love in a physical way. In contrast Romeo thinks love is supposed to be romantic. In Act I, Scene 4, Mercutio’s speech about Queen Mab indicates that he is does not know of Romeo’s pure love. â€Å"O then I see Queen Mab hath been with you†¦This is she† (1.4.23-24) Romeo is about to tell Mercutio about a dream that he had. Mercutio interrupts Romeo of what he was going to say about his dream and tell him about Queen Mab. In Mercutio’s speech he thinks of love comes from Queen Mab being a dream fairy. She gives people dreams and decides what they will dream about.For example women dream of kisses and priests’ dream of tithes, lawyers’ dream of money. This speech shows Mercutio just does not get the romantic part of love. He does not believe in dreams. The references to the body show the physical realities of life as opposed to the ideals that Romeo holds . This speech shows much about the fiery spirit of Mercutio, but it also suggests a more brutal and realistic view of life, contrasting with the romantic of love. So the play using minor characters is a success because Mercutio helps make the pure love for Romeo and Juliet. Second of all Friar Lawrence is a mentor to Romeo and Juliet, but a poor planner.This character also leads to the success of the play. The friar marries Romeo to Juliet and he constantly advises them to act more with caution and provides plans to Romeo and Juliet. In act 4 scene 1 the friar says â€Å"take thou this vial being in bed/And this distilling liquor drink thou off† (4.1.93-101). When Paris wants to marry Juliet, the friar expresses his disapproval of the wedding. When Paris leaves, Juliet asks the Friar for help. The friar provide a plan. The plan includes using the drug for Juliet and deliver the message to Romeo. The friar attempts to make the marriage of Romeo and Juliet is very admirable but are poorly planned.The tragedy of their deaths could not have happened if Romeo have received the message in time. This is due to Friar Lawrence not planning how he is going to fake Juliet's death. It directly  leads to the tragedy in the play. Third of all the nurse makes comic relief by making a lot of inappropriate speeches. The nurse provides a contrast with Juliet because of the nurse’s view which if love is sexual, while Juliet’s way is all romantic. â€Å"If ye should lead her into a fool’s paradise/ it were a very gross kind of behavior† (2.4.151-52). The nurse act as Juliet’s mother. She cares for Juliet and her entire life. The Nurse is loyal to Juliet and she keeps the secret marriage a secret. The Nurse believes in love and wants Juliet to have a nice-looking guy, but the idea is that Juliet would sacrifice anything for love to Romeo. The nurse is the success to the play because there is humor to the play.In act 1 Mercutio to Romeo a nd Juliet strong   because the play shows Romeo is on a quest for love. When Romeo talks about he is love sick for Rosaline and Benvolio makes him look at another girl and Mercutio says â€Å"[Romeo is] a lover borrow cupid’s wings and soar with them above a common bound† (1.4.21-16). The importance of this quote is because he trying cheer Romeo up from being love sick. The quote shows the success of the play because of Mercutio being a minor does not understand the romantic part of love.In act 2 Mercutio thinks Romeo is still love sick over Rosaline but the when Romeo gets back from Friar Lawrence’s place which Mercutio does not know And sees Mercutio and he is all of a sudden happy. After Romeo says hi to Mercutio and he says â€Å"that’s as much as to say such a case as (Romeo’s) constrains a man to bow in the hams† (2.4.47-52). The importance of this quote is because when Romeo says hi to Mercutio so he is wondering why Romeo is all ha ppy. The quote shows the success of the play by using minor characters because Romeo was lovesick and all of a sudden he becomes happy so Mercutio thinks he made Rosaline like him. So the play using minor characters is a success because Mercutio helps make the pure love for Romeo and Juliet.He creates conflict by agreeing to marry Romeo and Juliet so he says â€Å"For this alliance may be so happy prove to turn [their] households’ rancour to pure love† (2.3.44-90). The importance of this quote is that He agrees to marry Romeo to Juliet because he sees it as a chance to bring back the families together. It is successful to the play using minor characters  because he is not supposed to marry them but he does it any way. He’s basically helping Romeo and Juliet even though their enemies.

English Romanticism

English Romanticism 1798-1832 Historical Background Industrial Revolution 1776 American Revolution 1789 – 1815 Revolutionary and Napoleonic Period in France 1789 storming of the Bastille 1793 King Louis XVI executed Political unrest in Britain, harsh repressive measures against radicals Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution of France 1790 Tom Paine, Rights of Man 1791 Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 1792 1793 Britain at war with France The Regency 1811-20 George, Prince of Wales acts as Regent for George III 1815 Waterloo; first modern industrial depression 819 Peterloo, St. Peter's Fields, Manchester 1832 First Reform Bill Social and economic changes Industrialisation – the age of the machine Social philosophy of laissez-faire ‘let alone' urbanisation Literature Lyrical poetry Two generations of poets First generation: WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, S. T. COLERIDGE Second generation: BYRON, SHELLEY, KEATS Keats ‘Great spirits now on ear th are sojourning' William Hazlitt – the new poetry ‘had its origin in the French Revolution. It was a time of promise, of renewal of the world – and of letters. ‘ Wordsworth, The Prelude France standing on the top of golden hoursAnd human nature seeming born again! Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive, But to be young was very heaven†¦. The poet as a ‘bard' or ‘prophet' Poetic spontaneity and freedom Poetry – subjective; it expresses the poet's own feelings (lyric poetry) Rebellion against the Neo-classical ‘rules' Keats: ‘if poetry comes not as naturally as the leaves to a tree it had not come at all' The importance of ‘the heart' – instinct, intuition, INDIVIDUALISM, NONCONFORMITY The human mind – IMAGINATION Turning to NATURE THE INTEREST IN THE SUPERNATURAL, and DREAMS 1798 Wordsworth & Coleridge LYRICAL BALLADS 770 born at Cockermouth, The Lake District Educated at Cambridge 1791-2 France â€⠀œ Annette Vallon 1795, reunited with his sister Dorothy meets S. T. Coleridge 1797 moves with his sister Dorothy to Alfoxden to be close to Coleridge, who lives at Nether Stowey (Somerset) The role of friendship with Coleridge 1798/1799 Goslar, Germany 1799 settles with Dorothy in the Lake District, first at Grasmere 1802 marries Mary Hutchinson 1813 appointed stamp distributor for Westmoreland – becomes patriotic, conservative public man, abandoning radical politics and idealism 1843 Poet Laureate Lyrical Ballads 1798Coleridge on composition of Lyrical Ballads in Ch. XIV of Biographia Literaria During the first year that Mr. Wordsworth and I were neighbours, our conversations turned frequently on the two cardinal points of poetry, the power of exciting the sympathy of the reader by a faithful adherence to the truth of nature, and the power of giving the interest of novelty by the modifying colours of imagination. The sudden charm, which accidents of light and shade, which m oon-light or sun-set diffused over a known and familiar landscape, appeared to represent the practicability of combining both.These are the poetry of nature. The thought suggested itself (to which of us I do not recollect) that a series of poems might be composed of two sorts. In the one, the incidents and agents were to be, in part at least, supernatural; and the excellence aimed at was to consist in the interesting of the affections by the dramatic truth of such emotions as would naturally accompany such situations, supposing them real. And real in this sense they have been to every human being who, from whatever source of delusion, has at any time believed himself under supernatural agency. For the second class, subjects were to be chosen from ordinary life; the characters and incidents were to be such, as will be found in every village and its vicinity, where there is a meditative and feeling mind to seek after them, or to notice them, when they present themselves. In this idea originated the plan of the ‘Lyrical Ballads'; in which it was agreed, that my endeavours should be directed to persons and characters supernatural, or at least romantic, yet so as to transfer from our inward nature a human interest and a semblance of truth sufficient to procure for hese shadows of imagination that willing suspension of disbelief for the moment, which constitutes poetic faith. Mr. Wordsworth on the other hand was to propose to himself as his object, to give the charm of novelty to things of every day, and to excite a feeling analogous to the supernatural, by awakening the mind's attention from the lethargy of custom, and directing it to the loveliness and the wonders of the world before us; an inexhaustible treasure, but for which in consequence of the film of familiarity and selfish solicitude we have eyes, yet see not, ears that hear not, and hearts that neither feel nor understand.Wordsworth's Advertisment to Lyrical Ballads 1798 The majority of the followin g poems are to be considered as experiments. They were written chiefly with a view to ascertain how far the language of conversation in the middle and lower classes of society is adapted to the purposes of poetic pleasure. Wordsworth, Preface to Lyrical Ballads 1800, 1802The principal object, then, proposed in these Poems was to choose incidents and situations from common life, and to relate or describe them, throughout, as far as was possible in a selection of language really used by men, and, at the same time, to throw over them a certain colouring of imagination, whereby ordinary things should be presented to the mind in an unusual aspect; and, further, and above all, to make these incidents and situations interesting by tracing in them, truly though not ostentatiously, the primary laws of our nature: chiefly, as far as regards the manner in which we associate ideas in a state of excitement.Humble and rustic life was generally chosen, because, in that condition, the essential pas sions of the heart find a better soil in which they can attain their maturity, are less under restraint, and speak a plainer and more emphatic language;[†¦. ] and, lastly, because in that condition the passions of men are incorporated with the beautiful and permanent forms of nature.The language, too, of these men has been adopted (purified indeed from what appear to be its real defects, from all lasting and rational causes of dislike or disgust) because such men hourly communicate with the best objects from which the best part of language is originally derived; and because, from their rank in society and the sameness and narrow circle of their intercourse, being less under the influence of social vanity, they convey their feelings and notions in simple and unelaborated expressions. †¦ For all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: and though this be true, Poems to which any value can be attached were never produced on any variety of subjects but by a man who, being possessed of more than usual organic sensibility, had also thought long and deeply. †¦I have said that Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquillity: the emotion is contemplated till by a species of reaction the tranquillity gradually disappears, and an emotion, kindred to that which was before the subject of contemplation, is gradually produced, and does itself actually exist in the mind.In this mood successful composition generally begins, and in a mood similar to this it is carried on; but the emotion, of whatever kind and in whatever degree, from various causes is qualified by various pleasures, so that in describing any passions whatsoever, which are voluntarily described, the mind will upon the whole be in a state of enjoyment. What is a Poet? To whom does he address himself? And what language is to be expected from him?He is a man speaking to men: a man, it is true, endued with more lively sensibility, more enthusiasm and tenderness, who has a greater knowledge of human nature, and a more comprehensive soul, than are supposed to be common among mankind; a man pleased with his own passions and volitions, and who rejoices more than other men in the spirit of life that is in him; delighting to contemplate similar volitions and passions as manifested in the goings-on of the Universe, and habitually impelled to create them where he does not find them.The Man of science seeks truth as a remote and unknown benefactor; he cherishes and loves it in his solitude: the Poet, singing a song in which all human beings join with him, rejoices in the presence of truth as our visible friend and hourly companion. Poetry is the breath and finer spirit of all knowledge; it is the impassioned expression which is in the countenance of all Science. Emphatically may it be said of the Poet, as Shakespeare hath said of man, ‘that he looks before and after. ‘ He is the rock of defence for human nature; an upholder and preserver, carrying everywhere with him relationship and love.In spite of difference of soil and climate, of language and manners, of laws and customs: in spite of things silently gone out of mind, and things violently destroyed; the Poet binds together by passion and knowledge the vast empire of human society, as it is spread over the whole earth, and over all time. †¦. I should mention one other circumstance which distinguishes these Poems from the popular Poetry of the day; it is this, that the feeling therein developed gives importance to the action and situation, and not the action and situation to the feeling. WE ARE SEVEN' ——–A SIMPLE Child, That lightly draws its breath, And feels its life in every limb, What should it know of death? I met a little cottage Girl: She was eight years old, she said; Her hair was thick with many a curl That clustered round her head. She had a rustic, woodland air, And she was w ildly clad: Her eyes were fair, and very fair; –Her beauty made me glad. â€Å"Sisters and brothers, little Maid, How many may you be? † â€Å"How many? Seven in all,† she said And wondering looked at me. â€Å"And where are they? I pray you tell. She answered, â€Å"Seven are we; And two of us at Conway dwell, And two are gone to sea. â€Å"Two of us in the church-yard lie, My sister and my brother; And, in the church-yard cottage, I Dwell near them with my mother. † â€Å"You say that two at Conway dwell, And two are gone to sea, Yet ye are seven! –I pray you tell, Sweet Maid, how this may be. † Then did the little Maid reply, â€Å"Seven boys and girls are we; Two of us in the church-yard lie, Beneath the church-yard tree. † â€Å"You run about, my little Maid, Your limbs they are alive;If two are in the church-yard laid, Then ye are only five. † â€Å"Their graves are green, they may be seen,† The little Maid repli ed, â€Å"Twelve steps or more from my mother's door, And they are side by side. â€Å"My stockings there I often knit, My kerchief there I hem; And there upon the ground I sit, And sing a song to them. â€Å"And often after sunset, Sir, When it is light and fair, I take my little porringer, And eat my supper there. â€Å"The first that died was sister Jane; In bed she moaning lay, Till God released her of her pain; And then she went away. So in the church-yard she was laid; And, when the grass was dry, Together round her grave we played, My brother John and I. â€Å"And when the ground was white with snow, And I could run and slide, My brother John was forced to go, And he lies by her side. † â€Å"How many are you, then,† said I, â€Å"If they two are in heaven? „ Quick was the little Maid's reply, â€Å"O Master! we are seven. † â€Å"But they are dead; those two are dead! Their spirits are in heaven! „ ‘Twas throwing words away; for s till The little Maid would have her will, And said, â€Å"Nay, we are seven! The Prelude 1799, 1805, 1850 Plan to write a greate philosophical poem The Recluse or views of Nature, Man, and Society, encouraged by S. T. C. ‘a poem to Coleridge' ‘a poem on the growth of [the poet's] mind' The main hero THE IMAGINATION †¦ Not Chaos, not The Darkest pit of lowest Erebus, Not aught of blinder vacancy, scooped out By help of dreams – can breed such fear and awe As fall upon us often when we look Into our Minds, into the Mind of Man– My haunt, and the main region of my song Prospectus to The Recluse ll. 35-4

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