Intervention to Improve Self-Esteem in Those with Eating Disorders - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1514 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Self Esteem Essay Did you like this example? Abstract The intention of this study was to examine the relationship between self-esteem and eating disorders and creating an intervention to increase self-esteem and decrease the amount of people diagnosed with an eating disorder. In the study we are focusing specifically on anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is a serious and a potential life-threatening eating disorder which is characterized by the person starving themselves leading to tremendous weight loss (Anorexia Diagnosis, n.d.). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Intervention to Improve Self-Esteem in Those with Eating Disorders" essay for you Create order The individual sees themselves as though they are overweight, when they are underweight. This study will extend research on anorexia and self-esteem because we will be measuring both the control and the experimental group readiness with the Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ) on where they stand on getting better and determining if self-esteem is in any way the casual of eating disorders increasing. The participants will be 100 randomly assigned female young adults from an eating disorder center. They will be split randomly into two groups with one getting the two-month intervention and the others following their regular treatment. The main reason for this study is to see if the intervention will affect the participants in a positive way and help increase their self-esteem as they battle and try to overcome their eating disorder. The expected results are that those who received the intervention will have an increase in self-esteem and their readiness to get bette r will also increase, unlike those who did not by showing little to no change. Keywords: self-esteem; intervention; anorexia nervosa; eating disorders; ANSOCQ Intervention to Improve Self-Esteem in Those with Eating Disorders Introduction Background According to Eating Disorders: About More Than Food (n.d.) the mental disorder with the highest mortality rate is anorexia nervosa. It states that anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which an individual sees themselves as though they are overweight, when they are underweight. That causes individuals with that condition to obsess over what they consume therefore only eating very small quantities and excessive exercise. Individuals with anorexia tend to starve themselves to feel some sense of control over their body. (Eating Disorders, n.d.). In the article Prevalence and treatment of eating disorders among Hispanics/Latino Americans in the United States Perez (2016) states that recent research on lifetime prevalence rates of eating disorder among Hispanics/Latinos within the US is 0.08% for anorexia nervosa, which is significantly lower when compared with non-Hispanic White samples (0.39%) in the US (Perez, Ohrt, Hoek, 2016). The authors suggest that there is some type of Latino culture that protects the further development of anorexia nervosa. There have been various studies that confirm low self-esteem is a factor of vulnerability for eating disorders (Obeid, 2013). According to that article self-esteem is having confidence in ones self and accepting yourself how you are. If there is a relationship with self-esteem and eating disorders, will doing an intervention to help increase self-esteem work to decrease eating disorders? Literature Review In a recent study conducted by Collin (2016) he explored the relationship between multi-dimensional self-esteem and eating disorder symptoms in an inpatient treatment. Collins results indicated that only some aspects of self-esteem were relevant in eating disorder outcomes. One aspect of self-esteem that results did show effect in the relationship between self-esteem and eating disorders was body appearance. The results suggested that the relationship between self-esteem and anorexia is not directly weight loss but rather everything else that goes on (Collin, Karatzias, Power, Howard, Grierson, Yellowlees, 2016). Another recent study done by Mendelson, B. K., (2002) explores the differences of someones self-esteem who has an eating disorder versus someone who does not. That study was aimed to clarify the relationship of self-esteem and body-esteem on both eating disordered and noneating disordered participants by using a multidimensional measure. The women who had an eating disorder scored lower on both body esteem and self-esteem than the ones who dont suffer from eating disorders. This study came to show that self-esteem is dependent on body esteem to women with eating disorders (Mendelson, B. K., McLaren, L., Gauvin, L., Steiger, H., 2002). The results of another study from the article The Thinner the Better suggested that patients with Anorexia Nervosa benefited from having low body weight in the time of the disorder. It stated that their satisfaction of a motive of achievement (such as getting thinner) increased instead of decreased the self-esteem of patients with anorexia Nervosa. However, once the patient recovered from anorexia, their body weight and self-esteem did not seem to correlate with one another. Even then when they compared the scores of the healthy women who have never had anorexia with the ones who have the self-esteem scores were still low (Brockmeyer, Holrforth, Bents, Kammerer, Herzog, Friedrich, 2013) The purpose of the current study is to do an intervention to increase self-esteem in women that are struggling with eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa. The current study will measure the change in an individuals self-esteem before and after the experimental study takes place within the two-month period. This study will extend research on anorexia and self-esteem because I will be measuring both the control and the experimental group readiness on where they stand on getting better and determining if self-esteem is in any way the casual of eating disorders increasing. It is expected that the group given the intervention will show an increase in self-esteem after unlike the group who will not be getting the intervention. Method Research Design   This will be an experimental study. The design of the experiment will be independent measures. One group will require to have one intervention meeting every week for two months, while the other group will not have any intervention whatsoever. Participants The participants for this experimental group will be 100 female young adults recruited from an eating recovery center. The 100 females will be picked randomly from the association. The participants chosen can choose to take place on the experiment or not. Not participating will not affect their treatment. They will be split in two different groups and will be randomly assigned. One group being the control group and the other the group getting the intervention. The criteria for the participants to be assigned to join is for the individual to be a female who has been diagnosed to have an eating disorder within the ages 15-25. Materials Survey. Will measure individuals self-esteem and self-image of themselves. To be taken in both groups on first and last day of the experimental study to see if there are any positive changes. Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire. (ANSOCQ) This questionnaire will help us determine what patients are ready to recover from anorexia and which are not. It will help us see if there is a change on their readiness whether they went through the intervention or not. Everyone will answer the questionnaire in both groups on both meeting times. The ANSOCQ determines whether the participants are in the precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, or maintenance stage of being ready to change multiple things of their anorexic characterized symptoms (Rieger, Touvz, Beumont, 2002). This questionnaire provides a strong support for the psychometric properties (reliability and validity). The development of it proves to have a reliable, valid, and a clinically informative way of showing a patients readiness on changing their anorexia nervosa symptoms (Rieger, Touvz, Beumont, 2002). Procedure Female participants from an eating recovery center will be picked at random to take a part of this study. The research study will be conducted by the researcher, and researcher assistants. All 100 of the participants will be asked to answer a survey on self-esteem and the ANSOCQ on the first day in meeting room all together and once done they can leave. Fifty of those participants will be randomly selected and chosen to get the once a week intervention for two months. The other fifty will be asked to come back in two months from the first day. On the last day all 100 are to meet at the same time at the meeting room and will be given a survey on self-esteem again as well as the ANSOCQ. The results will only be shared with those whose self-esteem increases after the intervention, in hope that seeing good results they will want to keep on getting interventions every other month until their self-esteem is stable, and they can feel comfortable in their bodies without damaging themselves. Expected Findings It is expected that the group given the intervention will show an increase in self-esteem after unlike the group who will not be getting the intervention. It is also expected that those who were a part of the intervention who showed that they were not ready to recover will show otherwise the second time they take the ANSOCQ.   Discussion The main reason for this study is to see if the intervention will affect the participants in a positive way and help increase their self-esteem as they battle and try to overcome their eating disorder. Eating disorders are not something to joke around or ignore. This study is meant to show that eating disorders are to be taken seriously and that someone around you could be going through it at the moment.

Are Video Games Therapy Essays - 1100 Words

The use of video games has become a norm for many people and families. They may be used to relax after a long day of work, or as a way for the family to all participate in something together. Many people view video games as just another form of entertainment, but could they actually be more? Meditation is used as a therapy to reduce the stress of everyday life. It is a way to focus one’s mind on the present and alleviate the stress that life can cause. By focusing on something besides stress, a person is able to relax. By applying those same observations to the act of playing a video game, one can see how playing a video game can be as effective as meditating. While playing a video game the mind is no longer focused on the stress of the†¦show more content†¦Without the repetitive boredom of traditional therapy patients can look forward to seeing their physical therapist and focus less on their injuries. There are also forms of therapies that help with brain activity a nd cognitive thinking. Mike Snider of USA Today wrote an article about parents using video games to help their children who have Attention Deficit Disorder. The use of the video games for treatment was prescribed by their psychologist. One child had received standard neurofeedback treatment in the past, but still had problems with memory. According to his mother, Janet Herlihey, he now has learned to use the focus skills he learned from gaming to focus better in school and in sports. Focusing on the video game has taught the child how to slow down and focus on tasks in his everyday life. Her other son had trouble focusing while trying to read, an activity he once loved to do. Now after using the video game therapy he is able to focus on the books and enjoy reading again.( Snider) The Herlihey children where both able to benefit from the video game therapy. It helped them both learn to focus better on tasks outside the video game. If it is helping children with ADD focus better, then it can be said that normal use of a video game may also help others playing them focus better on everyday tasks. Many would want to argue that the everyday use of video games could actually do more harmShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Game Addiction On Human Body And Mind1151 Words   |  5 PagesVideo game addiction â€Å"generally refers to an excessive, unhealthy amount of playing of games. Rather than engaging in the real world, an addicted user devotes the majority of his or her time to gaming. 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The Main Arguments of Evolution Theory Free Essays

International Management Prof. dr. Niels Noorderhaven Lecture 1 Agenda †¢ †¢ †¢ 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Arguments of Evolution Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. 3. Introduction and organizational matters Does â€Å"international† still matter? Conceptual foundations of international business strategy (1) †¢ †¢ Case: Honda in the USA Literature: Textbook chapter 1 (pp 13-33 + 59-62) Team Lectures Niels Noorderhaven Cases Fons Naus Ana Aranda Gutierrez Zhengyu Li Teaching strategy Complementarity of lectures – readings †¢ Individual case participation †¢ Each lecture, one or several cases from the book will be expanded to put the theory into practice †¢ Importance of research articles Grading †¢ 70% MC exam – See Study manual for correction formula †¢ Exam dates December 13, 2012 and April 12, 2013 †¢ 30% 2 Interactive lectures – individual participation †¢ Interactive lectures grades of 2010 and 2011 can be transferred Book †¢ http://www. cambridge. rg/features/management/verbeke/ Does â€Å"international† still matter? 7 Transportation communication cos ts fall 17 September 2012 8 Tariffs fall, anti-dumping measures rise anti- 17 September 2012 9 Globalization Theory: †¢ Linguistic, trade and cultural barriers become less important †¢ ‘Stateless’ MNCs †¢ Within MNCs worldwide diffusion of technologies, knowledge and information Convergence of world economies 17 September 2012 10 Why is nationality important to people? Individual identity and social identity †¢ Three processes of social identity formation: †¢ social categorization †¢ social comparison †¢ social identification †¢ (Self-)categorization: what is the salient category? 17 September 2012 11 Why is nationality important to people? †¢ Positive stereotyping of â€Å"in-group†, negative stereotyping of â€Å"out-group† †¢ Nationality differences are particularly salient when people have no common history †¢ Nationality then becomes a source for one’s own identity and for the ascribed iden tity of the other 7 September 2012 12 Does â€Å"international† still matter? Yes, because †¦. †¢ Cultural , institutional and language differences persist †¢ Leading to differences in (business) decision making †¢ Nationality forms an important basis for social categorization processes †¢ Leading to shortcuts like cultural attribution and stereotyping With the effect that doing business across borders is different than domestic business 13 Conceptual foundations of international business strategy 4 Definition of international business strategy International business strategy means effectively and efficiently matching a multinational enterprise’s (MNE’s) internal strengths (relative to competitors) with the opportunities and challenges found in geographically dispersed environments that cross international borders. Such matching is a precondition to creating value and satisfying stakeholder goals, both domestically and internationally. 1 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS (1) Introduction and overview of the book’s framework †¢ Part one: Core concepts (1) Conceptual foundations of international business strategy (2) The critical role of firm-specific advantages (3) The nature of home country location advantages (4) The problem with host country location advantages (5) Combining firm-specific advantages and location advantages in an MNE network 16 TABLE OF CONTENTS (2) †¢ Part two: Functional issues (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) International innovation International sourcing and production International finance International marketing Managing managers in the multinational enterprise 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS (3) †¢ Part three: Dynamics of global strategy (11) Entry mode dynamics 1: foreign distributors (12) Entry mode dynamics 2: strategic alliance partners (13) Entry mode dynamics 3: mergers and acquisitions (14) The role of emerging economies (15a) International strategies of corporate social responsibility (15b) Interna tional strategies of environmental sustainability 18 The seven concepts of the unifying framework †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Internationally transferable (or non-location bound) firmspecific advantages (FSAs) Non-transferable (or location-bound) FSAs Location advantages Investment in – and value creation through – recombination Complementary resources of external actors Bounded rationality Bounded reliability The MNE’s unique resource base †¢ Physical resources (natural resources, buildings, plant equipment). †¢ Financial resources (equity and loan capital) †¢ Human resources (individuals and teams, entrepreneurial and operational skills). Upstream knowledge (sourcing knowledge, product and process-related technological knowledge). †¢ Downstream knowledge (marketing, sales, distribution and after sales service). †¢ Administrative knowledge (organizational structure, culture and systems). †¢ Reputational resource s (brand names, reputation for honest business dealings). International transferability of FSAs? †¢ Paradox: If the FSA consists of easily codifiable knowledge (i. e. , if it can be articulated explicitly, as in a handbook or blueprint), then it can be cheaply transferred abroad, but it can also be easily imitated by other firms. Though expensive and time-consuming to transfer tacit knowledge across borders, the benefit to the MNE is that this knowledge is also difficult to imitate. It is often a key source of competitive advantage when doing business abroad. Some FSAs are not transferable abroad: location-bound locationFSAs (1) Four main types: †¢ Stand-alone resources linked to location advantages (privileged retail locations). †¢ Local marketing knowledge and reputational resources, such as brand names (may not be applicable to a host country context, or valued to the same extent). Local best practices (i. e. routines), such as incentive systems or buyer-supplier relations (may not work abroad). †¢ Domestic recombination capability (may not work in foreign markets – e. g. , because co-location of resources is needed). Some FSAs are not transferable abroad: location-bound locationFSAs (2) †¢ Even if transferability of the relevant resources were technically possible, this does not mean potential for profitable deployment, i. e. the resource bundles that may be transferable from a technical perspective (e. g. , the way n which a product is marketed at home), do not constitute an FSA abroad. Location advantages †¢ Entire set of strengths of a location, and accessible by firms in that location. †¢ Should always be assessed relative to the strengths of other locations. †¢ Instrumental to FSAs Motivations for foreign expansion †¢ Natural resource seeking – Verbeke: physical, financial or human resources †¢ Market seeking †¢ Strategic resource seeking – e. g. , knowledge, finance †¢ Efficiency seeking – E. g. , low labor cost Case: Honda in the USA Background Prior to 1970s exports of motorcycles and cars †¢ Drivers of foreign production: – Rising value of the yen against US$ – Fear of import restrictions – The Clean Air Act in the US – First oil crisis †¢ Motivation for expansion (natural resource, market, strategic resource, efficiency seeking? ) Honda’s approach †¢ After four-year decision process Honda of America Manufacturing established in Marysville, Ohio, in 1978 †¢ Top priority: attain Japanese-level quality and efficiency – – – – – Selection of employees Training program Fly in managers and workers from Japan Develop lean supplier network Upgrade supplier quality level 1980: start production of cars †¢ Present: 9 production plants in USA Honda’s FSAs †¢ Non-location bound FSAs: – – – – – – – Know-how four-strike engines with optimal power-to-weight ratio Management principles Quality systems Employee selection processes Training and knowledge transfer routines Manufacturing expertise Supplier management approach †¢ †¢ Location-bound FSAs in the host country: – High demand for specific products Resource reco mbination: – – – Use four-strike engines in many products (motorcycles, small cars, generators, †¦) Design and manufacturing skills + knowledge of consumer preferences in USA Melding existing and new resources through management exchange program Exploit new capabilities worldwide Complementary resources of external actors †¢ Opportunity to study American way of production at Ford †¢ Extensive use of American experts and consultants (especially for selecting location) †¢ Critical role of suppliers Bounded rationality issues lack of knowledge local conditions †¢ Suppliers’ lack of familiarity with Honda †¢ New employees lack of familiarity with â€Å"The Honda Way† Bounded reliability issues †¢ Moral hazard/adverse selection employees †¢ American managers have local priorities Deliberate strategy? Agenda for next lecture 1. 2. 3. 4. Four types of MNEs Recombination Bounded rationality reliability Firm-specific advantages (FSAs) †¢ Cases: 3M IKEA †¢ Literature: Textbook chapter 1 (pp 33-76) + chapter 2 NB: Class will be in SZ 31 How to cite The Main Arguments of Evolution Theory, Essay examples

Heart Failure & Subsequent Alternative Treatments

Question: Discuss about theHeart Failure Subsequent Alternative Treatments. Answer: Institution The annotated bibliography presented is based on the case study of Charlie, a 75-year old overweight man who arrives at the healthcare centre breathless, and with visible peripheral oedema, and tachycardia. Two years ago Charlie was diagnosed with chronic heart failure as a result of ischaemic cardiomyopathy and hypertension but states that in the past few days he has felt increasingly unwell. The annotated bibliography presents articles with the most comprehensive information in relation to the condition of Charlie. Faris, R. F.W. (2006). Diuretics for heart failure. . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1-23. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003838.pub2 This is a research article prepared and implemented with the objective of the impact of diuretics- the advantages and disadvantages-for Chronic Heart Failure. The research is motivated by the information about the high global rate of mortality and morbidity as a result of heart failure. Diuretics is treated as a first-line form of treatment I cases of congestive heart failure. However, Faris (2006) it is more of a symptomatic treatment and the healing effects are not yet clear. The research involved literature reviews from various articles from different resource databases. The research involves two researchers that collaborate for the production of the most comprehensive article through independent research. The research involves experimentation with two groups, one being the control group. The results come after fourteen trials, with five hundred and twenty five participants and the use of placebo with the control group. The outcome shows lower mortality rates among the members of the group under diuretics with a death odds ratio of 0.24 where the confidence level is 95%. There is also the reduction of the admission of heart failure patients from results collected from two trials. The diuretics patients also show an increase in the capacity of their ability to exercise. Justification of Source The source offers relevant information in relation to problems related to heart congestion and heart failure because of the impact of diuretics on various problems such as the treatment of blood pressure and body fluid cleansing process through urinating (diuresis)(Web MD, 2017). The article plants curiosity for further information about diuretics and the specific process of the treatment where the main action is the elimination of unneeded body salts and water. The source also gives insight through the encouragement of the use of the method of treatment over others where diuretics are reported to be responsible for the reduction of the swelling experienced in the congested lungs. Although it focuses on the reduction of pressure through the catalysis of the draining of excess body fluids, the treatment is effective in most heart related complications because the same is required for the treatment of the symptoms of ischaemic cardiomyopathy and swelling caused by hypertension. The treatment of such symptoms is recognized as essential for the management of Chronic Heart Failure and the reduction of the chances of recurrence (Clevaland Clinic, 2017; Logan, 2011). Recommendation for Clinical Practice The article is essential among nurse practitioners is the information about the impact of the application of diuretics. The knowledge gives hope for further research on diuretics and its impact on heart failure where improvements can be made within the same field of study. The article provides tangible evidence where there is a record of the statistics of the rates of mortality among the patients using the treatment and others not subscribed to the treatment options. Gorthi, J. H. (2014). Reducing heart failure hospital readmissions: A systematic review of disease management programs. Cardiology Research , 126-138. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.14740/cr362w The essay discusses the role of th Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) in the efforts to reduce the instances of severe heart failure and the subsequent readmission of heart failure patients. Diuretics is mentioned ads one of the most effective disease management programs essential in the reduction of the re-admission of patients into hospitals for heart failure. The essay discusses various methods applied in the management of heart failure patients including home visits, outpatient interventions, and tele-management. The outpatient consultations and home visits are discussed as unfavourable where favour inclines. That is contrary to the research by Hale et al., (2016) that hypothesizes that remote home visits are effective in the reduction of the chances of random hospital admissions as a result of heart failure. The population under study includes heart failure patients and the use of various medication approaches in the alleviation of the heart problems. The Cochrane handbook guidelines and the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) are used for the identification of the studies. There is the search of the medical terms and the use of valid articles. The works used are those that also include the hospitalizations as a result of heart failure and the subsequent measurement of efficacy through the number of re-admissions and / or mortality. The results show that three out of the seven home visits conducted for the comparison of home visits to usual care showed a significant improvement on the outcome of the patients. None of them show evidence of the reduction in the rates of mortality (all-cause mortality), and only one showed evidence of the reduction of the all-cause hospitalization. There are two studies that show evidence of the reduction of heart failure hospitalizations and three studies that include home visits show no significant change. Justification of Source The source is relevant in the study of the health condition of Charlie because as a 75-year-old, he is pre-disposed to heart failure and chronic heart failure. The research article shows the evidence of the options available for the effective treatment of chronic heart failure and the related symptoms. As a 75 year-old, vulnerability to such health conditions is one of the results of aging because the immunity system is compromised(Logan, 2011). The heart muscles weaken and the body fluid regulation systems become less efficient. The identification of the most effective treatment plan is essential for the prior planning for Charlie for the most essential consultation plan and combination of treatment options. Recommendation for Clinical Practice There is need for further studies on the heart failure cases and blood pressure among the elderly populations and the subsequent research about the possibility of more effective customized approaches for more specific and successful results (Pinto, 2007; Tensoval, 2017). It is especially important after the treatment ischaemic cardiomyopathy and hypertension(AHA, 2016). Factors such as social trends are a prerequisite on the impact of the older generation in the near future where they shall make much more demands than the current old-old generation. There shall be need for an increase in Registered Nurses to handle the health demands that come with the same, especially in relation to chronic illnesses related to the heart such as those experienced by Charlie. There is the projection of a possible deficiency in the health care professionals with the diverse skill sets in the next 30 years(Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014) Molloy, G. J. (2012). Interventions to enhance adherence to medications in patients with heart failure: A systematic review. Circulation Heart Failure, 126-133. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFA This research focuses on the application of prognosis of chronic heart failure (CHF) treatment and characteristics of the available treatments on the patients. It also focuses on the lack of adherence to the treatment options subscribed to the patient and the jeopardy of the methods of treatment on by the patients. It is one of the barriers of the lack of adherence to the available treatments. The prognosis remains poor despite the over twenty five years of research on the topic with most results reporting median survival rates after the first episode. According to this research, the improvement in the outcomes of heart attack patients that seek medical advice comes from the subscription of medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, spironolactone, and -blockers. The population under focus is also the population with previous experiences of heart attacks and possible recurrence of the heart attacks. Justification of Research The research is essential in the nursing practice and the overall observation of the health of the older generation because of the lack of availability of adequate information about the most accurate approach for chronic heart failure. The research expounds on the impact of the administration with diuretics and the relevance of the consideration of the continuation of the treatment for the prevention of other old age related complications such as hypertension.(Faris, 2006) Application in Nursing Practice Adult gerontology is a field that has taken up more attention of the medical practitioners because of the previous cases of ageism and little understanding of the health condition of the aged population(South University, 2015). The most recent research in old age gerontology focusses on the provision of the long term health services such offered in clinics, hospitals, long term healthcare, rehabilitation, nursing homes, and correctional centres. The article helps in the understanding of the previous research results in the prognosis of chronic heart failure for the decision to adopt more effective better practices. It is especially important for the reduction of inadequate treatment as a result of the lack of adherence to the recommendations and prescriptions given by the doctors. References AHA. (2016, 8 24). Prevention and Treatment of Cardiomyopathy. Retrieved from AHA: https://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/Cardiomyopathy/Prevention-and-Treatment-of-Cardiomyopathy_UCM_444176_Article.jsp#.WPxQAkWGN0w Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2014). Ageing and the health system: challenges, opportunities and adaptations . Australias health series, 1-15. Clevaland Clinic. (2017, 2 2). Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Retrieved from Clevaland Clinic: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/ischemic-cardiomyopathy Faris, R. F.W. (2006). Diuretics for heart failure. . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1-23. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003838.pub2 Gorthi, J. H. (2014). Reducing heart failure hospital readmissions: A systematic review of disease management programs. Cardiology Research , 126-138. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.14740/cr362w Hale, T. M., Jethwani, K., Kandola, M. S., Saldana, F., Kvedar, J. C. (2016). A Remote Medication Monitoring System for Chronic Heart Failure Patients to Reduce Readmissions: A Two-Arm Randomized Pilot Study. J Med Internet Res, 184-191. Logan, A. G. (2011). Hypertension in Aging Patients. Medscaape, 113-120. Molloy, G. J. (2012). Interventions to enhance adherence to medications in patients with heart failure: A systematic review. Circulation Heart Failure, 126-133. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFA Pinto, E. (2007). Blood pressure and ageing. Postgrad Med J, 109114. South University. (2015, 10 30). The Role of Adult Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioners. Retrieved from The South Way Foundation: https://www.southuniversity.edu/whoweare/newsroom/blog/the-role-of-adult-gerontology-primary-care-nurse-practitioners Tensoval. (2017). Hypertension in old age. Retrieved from Tensoval: https://tensoval.com/hypertension-in-old-age.php Web MD. (2017, 2017 4). Heart Disease and Diuretics. Retrieved from Web MD: 22

WordPress Privacy Policy Guide How to Create One, Plus What to Include

Lately, it seems like all the talk online has been about privacy, consent for data tracking, and related topics. The introduction of the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has a lot to do with that. Among other things, it’s left many website owners wondering: â€Å"How can I add a WordPress privacy policy to my site?†A privacy policy has always been useful, but it’s now a requirement for most sites. You’ll want to be very clear about what data you collect from your visitors, along with how it’s stored and used. Fortunately, putting together this type of policy is now easier than it’s ever been, thanks to a handy new WordPress feature.In this post, we’ll briefly discuss why you need a WordPress privacy policy for your website.Then we’ll walk you through how to create one. Let’s jump right in! This is how you’ll inform visitors about all the key information they need to know. While it may take a little eff ort on your part to get your policy just right, the basic steps involved aren’t difficult.How to create a website privacy policy in WordPress (in 3 steps)Before we get started here, we need to make a disclaimer. We’re not legal experts, nor are we aiming to provide that sort of advice. What follows is a walk-through on how to put together a privacy policy in WordPress, and some of the elements you’ll want to include. However, you may still want to consult your lawyer or legal team on the finer details.With that out of the way, lets get to work!Step 1: Create a new page for your privacy policyUntil recently, you had to build a WordPress privacy policy completely from scratch. In fact, you can still do that – simply create a new page and start writing. However, WordPress  now offers a feature to help you get started, which we highly recommend you check out.As long as your site is updated to the most recent version (which it should be!), you’ll find this option under  Settings Privacy:Here, you can select an existing page to designate as your privacy policy. This can be useful if you already have a policy in place that just needs to be updated. However, you’ll most likely want to start by selecting Create New Page.This will take you straight to the WordPress editor you’re familiar with, where you can start adding content to the page. It will have some headings and information already included:This can serve as the template for your privacy policy. All you have to do is fill in the blanks.Step 2: Add in your website-specific informationIf you look through the template WordPress has provided you with, you’ll see a number of sections. This is a useful outline letting you know what type of information you need to explain to your visitors.A few of the sections already have some text filled in. This describes data that all WordPress sites gather by default, as well as how long it’s stored, and similar details.You’ll likely want to leave all of this as-is. However, it’s worth reading through to see if any of the functionality described is altered on your specific site (for example, due to a change you’ve made to the settings, an installed plugin, or some custom code):After familiarizing yourself with what’s already there, youll want to go through each section of the template.When adding information, it’s best to provide as much detail as you can. There’s a WordPress privacy policy guide that can help you fill in some of the gaps, which is linked to at the top of the page. It even provides some suggested text you can use. You’ll likely also want to refer to the GDPR guidelines themselves, and to the legal advice we mentioned earlier.What to include in your privacy policyWhile this isn’t an exhaustive list, here are some of the points you’ll need to make sure are covered in your WordPress privacy policy:What kind of data your site collects from visitors (names, email addresses, payment details, etc).What features or elements of your site gather data (such as contact and opt-in forms, social media buttons, and comments sections).Why you collect this data and what the data is used for in a general sense.How the data is stored (and for how long it’s stored).Who the data is shared with, such as  external parties like cloud storage services and payment processors.How you protect the data, including what procedures are in place to keep it safe and to respond quickly in the event of a breach.What rights visitors have over their data. This should include the right to know all of the above, to ask for a copy of their data, and to request that it’s deleted at any time.This may seem like a lot, but it’s best to be comprehensive. While it’s true that most people aren’t likely to read through the whole thing, you’ll want to be able to prove (if needed) that youâ€℠¢ve made all this information available and easily accessible.Finally, dont make the mistake of leaving something out of your privacy policy because it seems obvious. Even if it would be hard for a visitor to mistake that your email opt-in form clearly collects names and emails, you still need to clarify the facts in a permanent format.Step 3: Display your WordPress privacy policy on your siteOnce you’re happy with your new privacy policy, you need to make it available to your website’s visitors. Publishing the page will make it live, but that isn’t enough. People shouldn’t have to go hunting for this information – it should be easy to access.The best way to do this is usually to display a link to your policy on every page of your site. Most people will add this to their sites’ footers. However, you can use a sidebar or even your main navigation menu if you want to ensure that it’s as visible as possible.For example, you could open up Appearance Widgets in your dashboard, drag a new Text widget into your theme’s footer, and include a simple text prompt and link:Another way to add your privacy policy is via the free Orbit Fox plugin, which includes a built-in module to help you add a privacy policy notice as a dismissable bar that appears on the bottom of your site:Heres an example of what that bar looks like:Finally, it’s not a bad idea to also include a link to your WordPress privacy policy in places where you deliberately collect user data. This can include on your forms, sign-up pages, and/or payment screens.With that, your WordPress privacy policy is up and running! Just remember that it should be a living document. Every time you make a significant change to your site, such as adding a new form or installing a plugin, make sure to update your policy as relevant. The same applies to any major WordPress updates, since they may introduce changes to the way your site gathers data behind the scene s.ConclusionA simple but comprehensive privacy policy can do a lot of things for your website. It helps to ensure compliance with the GDPR and similar regulations (such as the Cookie Law). Plus, it provides peace of mind for your visitors, since they’ll know exactly what kind of details you’re gathering from them and how youre using that data.In order to create a WordPress privacy policy, all you have to do is follow these three steps:Create a new page for your privacy policy.Add in your website-specific information.Display your WordPress privacy policy on your site.Do you have any questions about how to write up your privacy policy? We’re not legal experts, but we’ll do our best to help in the comments section below! Are you GDPR-compliant? Here's how to create a privacy policy for your #WordPress site

Free Essays on Mayan History

MAYAN HISTORY The Maya are probably the best-known of the classical civilizations of Mesoamerica. Originating in the Yucatan around 2600 B.C., they rose to prominence around A.D. 250 in present-day southern Mexico, Guatemala, western Honduras, El Salvador, and northern Belize. Building on the inherited inventions and ideas of earlier civilizations such as the Olmec, the Maya developed astronomy, calendrical systems and hieroglyphic writing. The Maya were noted as well for elaborate and highly decorated ceremonial architecture, including temple-pyramids, palaces and observatories, all built without metal tools. They were also skilled farmers, clearing large sections of tropical rain forest and, where groundwater was scarce, building sizeable underground reservoirs for the storage of rainwater. The Maya were equally skilled as weavers and potters, and cleared routes through jungles and swamps to foster extensive trade networks with distant peoples. Many people believe that the ancestors of the Maya crossed the Bering Strait at least 20,000 years ago. They were nomadic hunter-gatherers. Evidence of settled habitation in Mexico is found in the Archaic period 5000-1500 BC - corn cultivation, basic pottery and stone tools. The first true civilization was established with the rise of the Olmecs in the Pre-Classic period 1500 BC -300 AD. The Olmecs settled on the Gulf Coast, and little is known about them. They are regarded as the inventors of many aspects of Meso-American cultures including the first calendar and hieroglyphic writing in the Western hemisphere. Archeologists have not settled the relationship between the Olmecs and the Maya, and it is a mystery whether the Maya were their descendants, trading partners, or had another relationship. It is agreed that the Maya developed a complex calendar and the most elaborate form of hieroglyphics in America, both based on the Olmec's versions. Maya had a complex society (Clas... Free Essays on Mayan History Free Essays on Mayan History MAYAN HISTORY The Maya are probably the best-known of the classical civilizations of Mesoamerica. Originating in the Yucatan around 2600 B.C., they rose to prominence around A.D. 250 in present-day southern Mexico, Guatemala, western Honduras, El Salvador, and northern Belize. Building on the inherited inventions and ideas of earlier civilizations such as the Olmec, the Maya developed astronomy, calendrical systems and hieroglyphic writing. The Maya were noted as well for elaborate and highly decorated ceremonial architecture, including temple-pyramids, palaces and observatories, all built without metal tools. They were also skilled farmers, clearing large sections of tropical rain forest and, where groundwater was scarce, building sizeable underground reservoirs for the storage of rainwater. The Maya were equally skilled as weavers and potters, and cleared routes through jungles and swamps to foster extensive trade networks with distant peoples. Many people believe that the ancestors of the Maya crossed the Bering Strait at least 20,000 years ago. They were nomadic hunter-gatherers. Evidence of settled habitation in Mexico is found in the Archaic period 5000-1500 BC - corn cultivation, basic pottery and stone tools. The first true civilization was established with the rise of the Olmecs in the Pre-Classic period 1500 BC -300 AD. The Olmecs settled on the Gulf Coast, and little is known about them. They are regarded as the inventors of many aspects of Meso-American cultures including the first calendar and hieroglyphic writing in the Western hemisphere. Archeologists have not settled the relationship between the Olmecs and the Maya, and it is a mystery whether the Maya were their descendants, trading partners, or had another relationship. It is agreed that the Maya developed a complex calendar and the most elaborate form of hieroglyphics in America, both based on the Olmec's versions. Maya had a complex society (Clas...

Comparison Between two pieces of art. Single Gun Theory by Polly Personal Statement - 1

Comparison Between two pieces of art. Single Gun Theory by Polly Apfelbaum and Parents and Children by Matthew Ritchie - Personal Statement Example She is known for her â€Å"fallen paintings,† i.e. artwork that â€Å"exists in a contentious space between painting, sculpture and installation† (Polly). What that means is that Apfelbaum incorporates a lot of intricate fabrics and undermine shapes, and arranges them into distinctive patterns on the floor. She enjoys tackling cultural topics such as feminism, postwar and other popular culture (Polly). Apfelbaum does not stray from this description in her famous painting entitled, â€Å"Single Gun Theory.† The painting depicts various shapes and colors splayed out across a wooden floor. It is evident that the art is on the floor due to the bordering white walls and wall liners. The colors appear to have a â€Å"spilled† effect, creating the illusion or idea that multiple colored-pencils or pint has been dropped vicariously across the floor. The painting also has a 3-D effect where the top of the painting gives off the impression that is further away. It gradually gets larger from there until the bottom half overwhelms the viewer into making it seem like it is closer, like it is coming off the page. The walls themselves help issue the illustration where it is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom. The elements of design come in an array of options that can be applied to artwork. This includes, but is not limited to: line, shape, direction, size, texture, color, and value (Art). Each of these designs, or structures can be attribute to Apfelbaum’s â€Å"A Single Gun Theory† painting due to the fact that it is so expressive and dynamic. The liner marks are more distinctive on the surrounding edges where the colors are elongated. There is minimal sharing of the lines to each other because they are all marked individually by specific colors. The colors are one of the most vibrant aspects of Apfelbaum’s painting. It is what embodies the

Cultural Diversity in the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Cultural Diversity in the Media - Essay Example This paper will take on two parts. The first part will reflect on the portrayal of Jews themselves in media representations of them in relation to the Holocaust, focusing on the wounds wracked by that painful chapter in world history and their responses towards it. It will essentially use history to understand emotion and identity. The second part will take on a more contemporary approach and will look at how Israel is being portrayed in the media today, under the current context of the Middle East Conflict between Israel and Palestine. It will essentially argue that not only is history per se important, but it is also important what kind of history, and there is a need to be critical of how history is framed and deployed. History as tool to understand emotion and identity in media Media representations of Jews particularly during the holocaust have always shown the Jews as filled with so much pain and tragedy. And indeed, it is difficult to understand this if one is not imbued with a historical context. To give an example, we turn to the movie â€Å"Forgiving Doctor Mengele†, which was released in 2006. ... There are four main narratives, which are also the crucial and more dramatic points of the piece: Miriam’s death and the start of Eva’s journey; the interview with Dr. Hans Munch, a former Nazi doctor; a meeting in the West Bank with Palestinian teachers; and the destruction of the museum she built in memory of her sister by neo-Nazi hate-criminals. The documentary gives us situated knowledge, a personal experience of the Holocaust and forgiveness, although its links to larger historical and social facts are diffused and fragmented. It can be said, however, that ‘Forgiving Dr. Mengele’ is a classic Holocaust documentary film, in the sense that is meant to instruct through evidence; it poses truth[s] as a moral imperative1. But what is the media representations embedded in the film? And how does history help us understand these? A core idea being forwarded – by way of providing an example of embedded representations -- is the notion of ‘forgiven ess’, its complexity and multiple dimensions. Indeed, it is noticeable how difficult is to portray what exactly is forgiveness in general, and what is the exact meaning of forgiveness for Eva, as in the debate at the Jewish center in Chicago, where she is "grilled" on the meaning of forgiveness and her right to do so, in the wake of those that continue suffering through the trauma of the acts. There is no way that we can understand the poignant meanings of this scene without having an idea of this painful history that the Jews had suffered. Representing history through film or any other media is always fraught with issues. First of all, it is the question of the limits of the language what Hanna Arendt2 calls the

Case Study 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case Study 4 - Essay Example Our objective will be to optimize the application of our dataset toward more effective CRM. The set includes both audio-visual information and electronic-data information. To focus efforts and avoid legal ethical questions, we will concentrate of the electronic-data portion. This mainly includes information gathered from telecommunications and membership cards transactions. The end product would include a GUI expressing the current trends in customer behavior and accepting inputs that translate into operational measures and investigate correlations to help optimize our influence over buyer behavior. The reasons for not using all of the available data is two-fold -- one is ethical, the other operational. The operational reason is work flow related. To avoid scope creep, we limit our focus on each component of any project. The ethical reason is about questions of personal privacy in a public way. While applying numerical data is more objective because any identifying information may be stripped from the dataset during data analysis. However, it may not be outside the scope of an expanded version of this process to apply some of the audio-visual

Sweatshops And The Race To The Bottom Phenomenon Economics Essay

Sweatshops And The Race To The Bottom Phenomenon Economics Essay (1.) Why do global critics often cite sweatshops as a prime example of the race to the bottom phenomenon? (2.) In addition, are sweatshops a stop on the road to prosperity? (3.) Meanwhile, are sweatshops a common ground? (4.) Finally, how can developing countries minimize or escape the dangerous abuses that often accompany foreign direct investment in low labor-intensive operations? Global critics feel that the race to the bottom phenomenon is what happens; they say when world markets are opened to free, unfettered trade. In addition without transnational labor guidelines and regulations, big corporations will look to place factories and manufacturing plants in countries with the most relaxed environmental and labor standards for multi-purpose advantages. Are sweatshops a stop on the road to prosperity? Maybe so opinions vary but, records indicate this theory. Human rights, low wages, and less protection for workers that dominate export markets, or attract the mammoth amount of share in foreign direct investment supports the previous theory. Only with the prosperity brought by international trade, globalizations adherents say, can a country then afford to demand better working conditions for its workers. This means every prosperous country today once employed child labor in its economic adolescence that would today be considered sweatshop working conditions. (Radley Balko) Do sweatshops have a common ground? At the end of the day there are at least a few areas in which both free traders and anti-sweatshop crusaders can agree. Most free trade advocates agree, for example that benefiting from slave labor is no better than theft. Sweatshop workers are often the envy of their communities they make more money than the farmhands or beggars. The key to building prosperity is choice, and if workers dont have the option to quit, or to take a job with a factory across town offering better wages, the free in free trade is a misnomer, and the benefits of globalization are tainted. (Radley, Balko) How can developing countries minimize or escape the dangerous abuses that often accompany foreign direct investment in low labor-intensive operations? The list of dangers and difficulties linked to foreign direct investor and associated subcontractor operations in low -skill, labor-intensive operations is quite long but, perhaps somewhat surprisingly, so is the list of possible benefits and opportunities.(Theodore H. Moran) ANALYSIS PART 1 (Perception of the race to the bottom phenomenon) Sweatshops are an ongoing problem throughout the global economy, especially in the developing countries. There is more than 90% of child labor and sweatshop market employed in the rural areas of Asia and Africa. Even though there are a lot of developed countries that oppose child labor and sweatshops because of moral and ethical reason. They feel that the companies are taking advantage of the developing countries and exploiting their children just to make a profit. However, the developed countries have to understand the social and economic cost, the standard living conditions, and having a good grasp of what people living in these developing countries might go through. Sweatshops might be the answer and not the problem in developing a country. Furthermore, the importance of having sweatshops is that it automatically creates jobs for the rural areas of these developing countries. These new jobs can pay up to two or three times as much of minimum wage, which gives the people more money to spend and this helps develop the country because the average income rate is rising. The developing countries will say that it is morally and ethically wrong for companies to move their business to rural and developing countries, because they are not being paid as much as developed countries. In addition, they are making their employees work 84-105 hours a week compared to the United States traditional 40 hours, and sometimes the salary is 60% 80% lower than a company will pay in the United States. Just to add, sweatshops are viewed as over working their employees causing and creating hazardous and unhealthy working conditions. How would life be in developing countries without sweatshops? Since sweatshops create new jobs and new opportunity for the people in these rural areas, without the sweatshops the new jobs and opportunity would be gone. This will lead to young women and men prostituting themselves just to make money to survive. Also, starvation will become a huge factor in the developing countries, because without any jobs opportunity for an unskilled worker becomes narrow, without an education. People will have limited choices, for example possibly starving or stealing; which overtime will lead to additive violence, and eventually raise the crime rate because people have to survive. Nevertheless, since sweatshops are in a rural area it helps monitor the crime rates, starvation, and increases the dream of education because families are given opportunity to become more skilled alongside an ample income, paving a new way for the next generation. Therefore, as we learned in our International Business class, some of the developed countries can be bias and hypocritical because developed countries previously endorsed a sweatshop opportunity to gain existence and power in the market, examples are South Korea, and Taiwan. More importantly a majority of developing countries will embrace this vicious cycle for exposure, skill, and hands on awareness of a volatile market. Analysis Part II Sweatshops and Prosperity Sweatshops are good for globalization and prosperity because of comparative advantages in the market, which help the developing countries grow in the long run. Sweatshops will give developing people in rural areas a set of skills that will help them to compete in the International market. Companies like Nike and Wal-Mart help develop these countries by giving them the opportunity to learn how to do things those consumers and companies in develop countries take for granted. In return the skills sets learned will manufacture undeveloped countries, while increasing competitiveness and assembling products cheaper but still efficient, will engage a higher demand and raise the GDP of undeveloped countries. The thought of stability supports prosperity which is rare globally, so if opportunity renders freedom of choice for developing countries the debate becomes simple and survival is usually submitted. Analysis III Are Sweatshops common ground? Common ground is usually effective if the government in the host country is held accountable in the international community. Therefore the fundamental disagreement about sweatshops revolves debate about fairness. Western companies benefit from cheap labor in the developing world; sweatshop activists say western corporations can afford to pay artificial living wages and that anything less reeks exploitation. Further arguments include corporate governments penalizing the western companies internally if better working conditions arent offered to the developed countries or consumers refraining from purchasing products. Common ground becomes a factor, globalist say if that happens western corporations have no incentive to invest in the third world in the first place. Developing countries have two choices when negotiating common ground, (1) embrace foreign investment, (2) demand wages not proportional to what their national labor market would naturally allow. In most cases, the track that delivers prosperity (1) or the track that produces continued poverty (2) will lend clues to the debate and the winning verdict. Analysis IV. FDI in low labor-intensive operations Global markets gain their questionable state of regimen through rules that are stated in trade agreements, labor laws, and factors that give constructions on gender. Once you understand markets as institutions it will allow you to link the globalization of the apparel industry to US foreign policies. Major players within in the US textile and apparel industries seem to hold different trade strategies in store for use. The textile industry benefits from rule-of-origin protections, the apparel industry benefits from free trade without restrictions. Large-scale retailers became key political players. Unions opposed free-trade arrangements with developing countries that they believe foster a race to the bottom type of mentality. Overall the previous information about trade and apparel just emphasizes the importance of growth and power in the free trade market which elaborates capitalism and the issues of transparency simultaneously. In transition, developing countries do have a strategy for attracting investors to low-wage export industries to establish special export processing zones or free trade zones. Nevertheless the objective of establishing EPZs and FTZs is to provide foreign investors and their subcontractors with freedom duties on the capital equipment and components while exempting many governments from various labor regulations in the zones, including the organization of labor unions. Foreign Direct Investment in low wage, low-skill host countries has two sides failure and success. Positive is that when FDI is implemented in undeveloped rural areas potential benefits of a new life are given such as jobs, skills, agenda, choices, opportunities, etc. Negative outcomes of FDI is that deception and bondage may be used to prevent the people from leaving their jobs; in extreme situations recruiters and agents set up networks in which family members arrange to pay off loans my selling their children into contract labor. In addition, workers may receive no benefits such as social security alongside workers being deprived promotion and benefits of seniority. CONCLUSION Analysis Part I The race to the bottom phenomenon can be viewed as an advantage or disadvantage. Most global critics tend to view corporations and retailers taking credit for offering jobs and services to a weaker opponent, but not using internal ethics as a navigator to promote a safer healthier work environment. Nevertheless youre able to see the pros and the cons but overall my opinion clearly states that globalization and capitalism at the bottom can be harsh but stability equates to balance which means development needs more pros than cons overall but we all start from an infant stage to adolescence yearning for maturity and experience. Analysis Part II Are sweatshops a stop to the road to prosperity? Yes I feel that prosperity is not just tangible riches that a person or country endures, but the intangibles that are benefited from prosperity are much greater. So the resolution is to sweatshops overall being prosperous is government ethics meaning that leadership starts from above and trickles down. To be prosperous means sacrifice, discipline, and patience, but these qualities define moral ethics and the sweatshop or the corporate retailer cant establish a culture that has to come from the developing country internally. Analysis Part III Are sweatshops common ground? This question brings joy to me because this interrogative statement revolves around the debater and their view. However I consider myself a debater so let me elaborate yes and my reasons why are this history teaches you about the past meaning you may have or not endured historical moments or events during the time line of your life; which remotely if successful allow you and your family comfort. Just to add if youve never endured something but wanted more how can you deprive a choice of opportunity to another person or country without bearing the conditions or lifestyle they represent. So my inclination of common ground is the specimen of experience and the verdict well that would be the individuals choice. Analysis Part IV How can developing countries minimize or escape the dangerous abuses that often accompany foreign direct investment in low labor-intensive operations? FDI are benefits of investors that see potential from an undeveloped country starting with lack of opportunity, few choices, skill, education, health care, and other fundamentals of a higher standard living. In addition, there are disadvantages of countries with FDI such as benefits, working conditions, employee treatment. But to minimize or escape the dangerous abuses a host country must hold the government accountable and the standards that they allow corporations to work under and the ethics and treatment that follows. Labor unions and police monitoring is a start because that enforces accountability which leads to other interest groups in the future and set a precedence of standards throughout internally which will tap the external zone/developed countries or corporate retailers. Globalization and trade derived from conditions such as sweatshops, slavery, bondage, and to enhance undeveloped countries means upgrade the conditions and the legal environment.

Paradise Lost :: essays research papers fc

John Milton was born in Bread Street, Cheapside, London, on the 9th of December 1608. The first sixteen years of Milton’s life, coinciding with the last sixteen of the reign of James I. His father, a prosperous business man, was known ass a man of great taste, and was interested in the music of London at the time. Music was thus a part of the poet’s life since birth. His father forced him to get an education in all scholarly areas. He was taught by Puritan clergymen who gave Milton his extreme ideas about God. At the age of eighteen he was excepted as a student of Christ’s College, Cambridge, and in less than two months moved up to University. He attended the prestigious Cambridge University four seven years where he learned Latin and studied many books on religion. After schooling, he traveled all over Italy [this is also the time of the Italian Renaissance] and learned much about theology, philosophy, and literature. He lived in the rich culture of Rome for al most ten years. After returning to England, he began writing and publishing stories in local papers. He wrote many controversial things about the government and God and was put on trial for Heresy upon all counts. His punishment was exile and his eyes were removed so he could Phillips 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   no longer write. To the surprise of high officials he wrote the epic Paradise Lost: A poem in ten books. It sold millions of copies, and is still considered the greatest piece of English literature ever written.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the 8th of November 1674 Milton died at the age of 66, due to gout-fever. He was buried the next Thursday beside his father.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As stated in the first book of Paradise Lost, Milton’s intentions for writing his religious epic are to â€Å"assert Eternal Providence/And justify the ways of God to men† (Book I, ll. 25-26). Milton’s audience, of course, is a fallen audience like the narrator of the epic, Therefore, because the audience is innately flawed there is a danger that we may not read the text as it is intended to be read. Some may think Satan is the hero of the epic. Others may be inclined to blame God for allowing the fall to occur. However, both of these readings are shortsighted and are not what Milton explicitly intended. Therefore, to prevent these deviant readings Milton has deftly interwoven a theme of personal responsibility for one’s actions throughout the epic.

Infancy

Psychosocial Stages of Development- Infancy and Toddlerhood There are two stages of psychosocial stages of development that occur in Infancy and Toddlerhood. In this discussion I will be discussing them and the elements in each. In Infancy the two stages of psychosocial development are trust vs. mistrust, these two stages are very important for the mental development of a child. This stage lasts from birth to two years old. During this stage an infant learns the stages of trusting their caregiver to take care of their needs.According to Erik Erikson, this stage in an infant’s development is a direct correlation to the levels of trust they will have as adults (Newman & Newman, 2102). For example, as an infant cries for their caregiver to meet basic needs such as feeding, diaper changes, or if the infant simply needs love and attention they are learning to develops a sense of trust in their caregiver and how quickly, or if all, their needs are being met.As a toddler, childre n are taught right from wrong and learn to trust their own perceptions. These are all important characteristics that will shape the child as they grow into adults. Erikson’s psychosocial theory explains the toddler’s self-identity and fear of separateness (Newman & Newman, 2012). As a Toddler, the crisis that exists is that between autonomy and shame or guilt (Newman & Newman, 2012). This is very important because the toddler begins to find their own way separate from their parents coaching.They feel shame or guilt if something they do goes wrong or it does not turn out the way they thought. If they do something that they sense as bad and their caregiver does not encourage them to try again, the toddler may experience anger or resentment toward other people as they age. As a mental health counselor, my knowledge of the stages of infancy and toddlers will help me serve individuals, students and families more effectively. I believe that every adult is a direct re flection of his or her childhood.The mental state of my clients is heavily determined by the way they grew up and the love and attention they received. To better understand this theory will give me a blueprint and research to ask questions regarding the relationship with their parents and their childhood experiences. If there is a family that is having problems communicating with each other, it will be a great tool to use to make a synopsis of the causes of the lack of communication or other negative behaviors.Erik Erikson’s, theory is a well thought out theory that all counselors can use to better understand the reasoning of their clients behavior. It will be a great theory to discuss with my clients to help them make a direct connection to their childhood experiences as well.References: Newman, B. , & Newman, P. (2012). Development through life: A psychosocial approach (11th ed. ) (L. Schreiber-Ganster, Ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. (Original work pub lished 2009)

Multiculturalism in Australia essays

Multiculturalism in Australia essays Australia is a multicultural society. However, there are mixed feelings among the community about being multicultural. These conflicting viewpoints, stemming from things like the amount of education a person has, their upbringing, media exposure of certain race issues and the political nature of society, develop different attitudes towards multiculturalism. Some believe multiculturalism is good for the society as it brings cultural diversity to the society, can foster a tolerant society, and improve relations with other countries. However, others think multiculturalism is bad, perhaps under the belief that migrants take jobs, that they bring racial tension to Australia, and that they create and settle in ghettos. A persons upbringing plays a major role in their views of the world, and indeed, what they believe about multicultural societies. If a person has grown up in a diverse suburb, with many different races, they would be more likely to be more tolerant of a multicultural society than a person who grew up in a one race suburb, or community. Parents attitudes are also very important in shaping a persons view of the world, because as a child, your parents are one of the first people whose thoughts and views on a subject your hear, and until a person grows and becomes more aware of things going on in their community, your parents views are the ones you adopt. As you grow, it is your friends that influence your beliefs the most, including your attitude towards multiculturalism. The school a person attended is another factor which can shape a persons beliefs about multiculturalism. If a person was to attend a school which had students from one race, then one could assume that these students would be less tolerant towards a multicultural society than those from a school of mixed races. Another influence of a persons beliefs about a multicultural society would be if the person in question was a member of t...

The Sale of Goods Act Essay Example

The Sale of Goods Act Essay Example The Sale of Goods Act Essay The Sale of Goods Act Essay This legislation affects Morrisons because now they cannot have misleading advertising, falsely accepting payment without intending to supply the goods, dual pricing, etc. So if Morrisons were found breaching this law they could be sued or taken to court. One advantage of this legislation is that it protects the customers from being mislead. However, a disadvantage of this legislation is that Morrisons will have to be more cautious about selling products to customers by making sure that they do not infringe the law. So in order for Morrisons to comply with the law they have to make sure Morrisons have all its products the kite mark and make sure all its products are checked at the high standards. However, Morrisons needs to employ more workers in order to make sure the products are up to the high standards and have kite mark. I personally believe that Morrisons should find a cheap way of making the products have high quality so that it complies with the law.The Sale of Goods Act, 1994 acts gives consumers protection against faulty or unreliable goods. At the time of sale, goods must be as described, of satisfactory quality and fit for the purpose for which they were bought. If a product is faulty at the time of sale or shortly afterwards, the customer has a right to reject the product and claim a refund. This legislation affects Morrisons because they have to make sure that they dont sell any faulty products to customers and if they accidentally do then they have to give refunds to the customers otherwise they will be violating the law. If they were found doing his they will be sued or taken to court.One advantage of this law is that it protects the customers from being given faulty products. However, this legislation costs money to Morrisons because they have to refund customers when ever the products they sell to the customers are faulty, some customers can damage the product on purpose just to get the refunds, so Morrisons are losing out. So Morrisons will have to change some of its processes, so Morrisons need to do make sure all its product complies to the high standards. One thing Morrisons could do is to employ a person whose job is to make sure none of the products are faulty as by doing this will save them money from giving refunds for example. However, they would have to pay for his/her wages, then again Morrisons could just train their current staff to do that job, again training will cost money.The children and young persons (protection from tobacco) 1991 act prohibits the sale of tobacco to children. This legislation affects my business because Morrisons sells cigarettes so it law implies that Morrisons should not sell cigarettes to children under the legal limit. So if Morrisons were found selling tobacco to under 16s then they are breaking the law so they could be taken to court. One advantage of this legislation is that it benefits the society as less people smoke. However, a disadvantage of this legislation is that Morrisons have to be careful when deciding who are under the legal limit age and who can buy the cigarettes, so this legislation would lose customers for Morrisons.I am going to look at the data protection acts such as data protection act 1998, freedom of information act 2000, environmental information re gulation 2004 and piracy and electronic communication (EC directive) regulations 2003 which affects me.Data Protection Act 1998 is the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data. This data affects Morrisons because Morrisons have to be careful that they dont break the law by leaking personal information about customers for example, when they buy through the internet. So Morrisons could protect customer information in a database for example to make the personal information more secure, and only to access the personal information to contact them in emergency or discuss any offers they would like. Morrisons are not allowed to give customer information to other businesses in any circumstances. Morrisons also have to make sure that they do not keep the personal information of customers longer than necessary.I personally believe the best approach Morrison can take in this situation is store the information they got from t he customers in a secure database for roughly one month, and during that month they finish all the necessary procedures in delivering the product to the customer and offering them any new deals. Also they should delete the information of the customers after the month to prevent customers information being spread around other people.Freedom of information Act 2000 is to make provision for the disclosure of information held by public authorities or by persons providing services for them. This act affects Morrisons because if the public requests certain information about Morrisons for example about their chairmans report, Morrisons have to provide them with that information. However, if Morrisons were found breaching the law they could be taken to court. Morrisons have to ensure they only give the relevant information what the customers want. I personally believe the best approach to this law is to regularly publish information regarding Morrisons such as its sales, growth, its financi al information, etc. in a yearly booklet. This will reduce number of customers coming to store and regularly asking information regarding Morrisons. Also Morrisons should publish their sales, growth, its financial information, etc on their own website as it is much cheaper way, so they will be minimising their costs such as printing lots of booklets each year.Environmental information regulation 2004 is the change means that you can fulfil your right to be informed about the environment, so that you will be able to participate effectively in environmental decision-making; and have access to justice in law with regard to public decisions that have been made. This regulation affects Morrisons because Morrison has to give information if the public asks about the any activities Morrisons does which affects the environment. If Morrisons break this law they will be taken to court. I believe that Morrisons should publish the activities it does regarding helping environment such as recyclab le bags, recyclable bottles, etc. in their yearly booklet or even on their website. Morrisons should advertise more environmental helping procedures they do more regularly to stop people like pressure groups of their back and making them stand out as an environmental friendly company.Piracy and Electronic Communication (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 is the law establishes new rules for e-mail marketing, to reduce amount of unsolicited e-mail. This law affects Morrisons so Morrisons cannot send e-mail to customers regarding sales for example; they have to limit the number of e-mails they send out to customers, unless they will be breaching the law. I personally believe Morrisons can send emails roughly 3 emails per customer during Christmas period for example as it will be most effective and also reduce amount of so called junk email to customers.Now I am going to look at several employment legislations which affect my business like national minimum wage, employment act, dispute res olution, etc. The current National Minimum Wage for employees over 21 is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.05 per hour. The current National Minimum Wage for 18 to 21 year olds is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4.25 per hour. A new rate for 16 and 17 year olds of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3 per hour was introduced in October 2004.

The role of magic in A Midsummers Nights Dream Research Paper

The role of magic in A Midsummers Nights Dream - Research Paper Example Patriarchal dominance is given a thorough overview within the play and revealed through making humor at the expense of its proprietary nature. The play explores the many ways in which love manifests, allowing for its exaltation as well as its trivialization. The play embodies a duality of mythologies from which to create its discourse. While the nature of the fairy is relative to the mythologies of Europe, the play takes place in the setting of Athens, thus bringing into mind the Greek mythologies. This convergence of mythological settings and universes provides a heightened sense of the supernatural within the play. In addition, as the time period of the Renaissance was a time when humanism was the philosophical standard, it is possible that beyond the mythological parallels, there is a contrast intended between the reason of classicism and the magic of the fairy realm. Therefore, the setting provides multiple levels of consideration, creating a world in which contrast and continuit y are both within the framework of the setting. This setting provides a structure in which the shifting shape of the emotion can be explored as it represents contrasts of differing beliefs. Love is often considered to be a magical emotional element in the human experience. In Shakespeare’s fantastical play, magic creates a complication of human emotions by the influence of the fae, As the fae are not human, but creatures of myth and fantasy, their association to love is both more cold and more passionate than that of human love. Therefore, the consequences of love and the intermix of emotional play that is done by the fairy folk becomes a reflection of the nature of man through a sense of exaggeration (Dowd and Pallata 558). As the play is considered to be a romantic comedy, there is an emphasis on love, but the elements of structure and expectation is how the play is formulated in order to convey the message that Shakespeare intended. Thus, while love is of a primary importa nce, the fulfillment of the expectations of complications that get in the way of love which are finally overcome, naturally leads towards an end which includes marriage (Nostbakken and Shakespeare 3). In A Midsummer Night’s Dream, the complications are created first through the unrequited love within the human world, then through the magic within the fairy world as the fairies choose to interfere for their own amusement. The first complication in the human realm is that of Hermia as she loves Lysander while her father has demanded that she marry Demetrius. If she refuses to marry Demetrius she is given two choices by her father, Theseus; â€Å"Either to die the death, or abjure/ Forever the society of men† (Shakespeare Act 1: Scene 1: lines 65-66). Hermia has been given the choice to either love whom her father has chosen to be her husband or to live without love as a nun. The alternative to both is death. This firmly establishes the human world for its patriarchal nat ure. Males have the control over the future of females, thus their own desires are immaterial to the desires of the male. However, in the fairy world, this patriarchal power is less relevant. The magic in the fairy realm provides an opportunity to make

Strategic Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic Management - Assignment Example A third advantage of SWOT is that the tool can be used for strategic management purposes. A fourth advantage of using SWOT to evaluate a business is its simplicity and versatility. Despite the benefits of using SWOT, the tool also has its cons and limitations. One of the inherent weaknesses of the tool is that different people might evaluate companies using subjective factors. For instance, a manager that is biased might perform a SWOT analysis using favorable data that might be misleading. The success of SWOT is dependent on methodologies utilized by the business analyst and the eagerness of the management team to implement the recommendations identified by the analysis. Another weakness of SWOT is that the analysis can be simplistic and not actionable (Britt, 2012). Sometimes people that used SWOT focus too much on gathering information instead of interpreting the information and finding solutions to the challenges the company

Research Article Critique for Lesson 5 ME Essay

Research Article Critique for Lesson 5 ME - Essay Example A personal research review model (Appendix A: rubric) was created to provide a linear process discussion of the relevant questions. The burning PICOT question for this paper and subsequent research is: â€Å"In elderly people (P=70+), how are cognitive skills measured in dementia and potential Alzheimer’s disease (I=Issue), as compared to younger adults (C), affect the lifestyle of those diagnosed (O), and how long before a diagnosed patient is no longer legally or medically functional (T)?† (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt 2011). Funding for this research was provided by Neurosciences Victoria, Austin Hospital Medical Research Foundation, and the Commonwealth Government of Australia Department of Health and Ageing, with unrestricted educational research grants. Funding was also provided by the Commonwealth Government of Australia to publish under Open Access (Pike et al., 2007). The main reason for conducting this research study (Pike et al., 2007) was to find common bio-indicators in a currently healthy aging senior which provides a predication for eventually moving into dementia and/or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The ÃŽ ²-amyloid (AÃŽ ²) presentation is commonly found in those diagnosed with AD, yet it can also occur in normal healthy aging adults as well without affecting the person in any manner. The 11C-PIB-PET brain scan was used in the study to provide a qualitative marking process with three groups: the healthy ageing (HA) adults, the mild cognitive impaired (MCI) adults, and those diagnosed with AD (Pike et al., 2007). Many of the previous research studies have only used formally diagnosed patients with dementia or AD. PIB stands for Pittsburgh Compound B, which is a benzothiazole derivative that will bind to AÃŽ ² and is seen during the positron emission tomography (PET) imaging process, also known as the 11C-PIB-PET brain scan (Pike et al., 2007; Kadir et al., 2011). While ageing

Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Essay Example for Free

Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Essay Quantitative research – is a formal, objective, systematic research which bases on precise figures. While conducting such kind of research, an investigator collects and analyzes data and statistics. The main purposes of applying quantitative method of research are: description of variables; examination of relationship among variables; determination of cause-and-effect interactions between variables (Burns Grove,2005). Qualitative research – in contrast to quantitative, is a kind of research which mainly concentrates on observations, questionnaires, reports and other ways of subjective investigations. The key features of qualitative research are: focus on meanings, perspectives and understandings; emphasis on process; inductive analysis, and grounded theory (Woods, 2006). The basic differences between quantitative and qualitative research lie in methods and instruments they apply, types of data they collect and generate, in their main perspectives. The instruments used in quantitative research are strict about extracting information and dividing it into categories. Quantitative methods are highly structured and include various surveys, questionnaires, and structured observations. In qualitative research, more flexible and frequentative instruments are applied. Qualitative methods, unlike quantitative ones, are semi-structured. To these methods belong interview, focus group, questionnaire, and participant observation. Quantitative research, in contrast to qualitative, operates with numerical data. Qualitative research, as a rule, uses textual data (Mack, Woodsong, et al., 2005). The most important feature which differentiates one research from another is flexibility. Usually, the procedure of quantitative research is prescribed in advance. Therefore, it excludes any unforeseen changes during the process of research. For instance, the questions in quantitative research are well thought-out, concrete, and closed. Moreover, the order of questions is also fixed. In such a way, quantitative research, due to its inflexibility, makes meaningful contribution to common investigation. The stages of qualitative research may be changed during the research procedure. The questions in qualitative research are mostly open. It enables the participants to give more reasonable answers and sometimes, even to go into detail. Therefore, spontaneity became a distinctive feature of qualitative research, which made the process of research less formal (Mack, Woodsong, et al., 2005). References Burns, N., Grove, S.K. (2005). The practice of nursing research: conduct, critique, and utilization (5th Ed.). St. Louis, Elsevier Saunders. Retrieved from http://www.researchproposalsforhealthprofessionals.com/definition_of_quantitative_resea.htm Mack, N., Woodsong, C., MacQueen, M. K., Guest, G., Namey, E. (2005). Qualitative research methods: A data collector’s field guide. Retrieved from http://www.fhi360.org/nr/rdonlyres/emgox4xpcoyrysqspsgy5ww6mq7v4e44etd6toiejyxalhbmk5sdnef7fqlr3q6hlwa2ttj5524xbn/datacollectorguideenrh.pdf Woods, P. (2006). Qualitative research. Retrieved from http://www.edu.plymouth.ac.uk/resined/qualitative%20methods%202/qualrshm.htm

Social Security Act of 1935: Causes and Effects

Social Security Act of 1935: Causes and Effects Social Security Act of 1935 Before 1935, there were no benefits for the old and other financially challenged persons in America. The only people liable to benefits after their service were veterans who received pensions. The remaining occupations had no benefits after their service (DeWitt, 2010). In every occupation there is a retirement age upon which the employee is considered unable to contribute positively towards the organization. As a result, when employees attain such status they are cut off as employees. Unfortunately, when one had not made savings during their service they would up in the streets as beggars. Alternatively, the elderly would ultimately become dependents especially if they had low wages during their active duty. The fortunate people were those who had been employed in high paying jobs and managed to make huge savings while they were working. Being dependent would mean that you either rely on your siblings or children to cater for your financial needs. In August 1935, Franklin Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act which improved life for the elderly in the society (Gareth and Derthick, 2007). The Act ensured benefits to elderly citizens in the US. As a result, United States of America become one of the first countries in the world to provide support for the elderly in their country. In life, there are complex challenges that are accompanied with old age, based on these challenges most people tend to avoid old people instead of helping them. The US stood out as one of the communities that would rather provide support to the elderly than to lock them out of national benefits. Therefore, this paper discusses  the Social Security Act of 1935, describing factors that led to the development of the legislation (history) including the amendments made to it. In addition it discusses its effects and relation to the American Economy. Social Security history The federal government of America had isolated itself from elderly benefits before the legislation of social security Act. Primarily this responsibility was handled by family members since they are the only social unit most reluctant to abandon their kin. Moreover, this responsibility was accustomed to the local and state governments Social security concerns from the federal government were initiated by the Great depression. During and shortly after the Great depression most Americans especially the elderly were exposed to harsh living conditions. The depression led to the increased unemployment rates ever in the US history (DeWitt, 2010). The elderly who had lost their jobs during this time had no chance of seeking employment elsewhere. In addition, the few remaining vacant spots were consequently filled by the younger work force who had also been sacked as a result of the Great Depression. In January 1935, Franklin Roosevelt decided to write to the congress seeking legislation for social security in the country. Despite of the positive influence that the legislation would have made on humanity, the bill was greatly opposed. Since the president was so eager to pass this bill, he lobbied several senators and even appointed six judges who consequently approved the bill. The president signed the bill seven months late after drafting the later to the congress and it became a law. Social Security Act of 1935 On 14th August 1935, America passed a bill which ended up in the development of social security system that provided benefits for the elderly unemployed, causalities of industrial accidents, unemployed persons, vulnerable mother, children and the physically handicapped. The Act was not specific to the elderly alone but also other economically challenged persons in the society as described. A society is composed of both negative and positive attributes of human nature. Whilst a society is made vibrant by the youth and the young adult through their workability, it should not disgrace the elderly or those unable to fend for themselves (Cogan and Mitchell, 2013). Both entities should coexist together in harmony supporting and encouraging each other where and when necessary. Social Security Act of 1935 is composed of 11 different titles which express support for the economically challenged America citizens. The first title entails grants to states for old-age assistance. The second title encompasses federal Old-Age benefits. Third, grants to states for compensation for the unemployed. Fourth is a grant to states for aid to dependent children. Fifth is grants to states to maternal and child welfare (Cogan and Mitchell, 2013). Sixth is title for public health. Seventh is title for social security board. Eighth is title to taxes with respect to employment. The ninth tile is to tax on employees of eight or more employees. The tenth title is grants to states for aid for the blind. The eleventh title is general provisions. These grants are contributed by both the government and the working population. Both employees and employers contribute differently towards these grants. The federal government then allocated the grants to states based on the quality of a state’s population based on the number of dependent children mothers, unemployed persons and the elderly. This statistics are extracted from the most recent census to aid the allocation process (Cogan and Mitchell, 2013). The social security board manages the collection of revenues attributed to social security funds. Amendments to the Social Security Act of 1935 The first amendment was instituted four years after the signing of the original amendment. In 1939, the act was modified and the beneficiaries were not only the retired worker but also the children and spouse of the retired worker. Initially, the benefits were solely allocated to the retired worker and it was upon them to utilize the benefits on their family. However, after sometime it was discovered that a portion of retired workers misused the funds from their benefit scheme. Instead of using the funds in enriching their lives they wasted the money on personal needs as irresponsible consumption of alcohol (King and Wayne, 2009). To minimize these, the federal government decided to recognize both the children and spouse of a retired worker and they were also affiliated to the retired worker’s benefit. The first amendment was later preceded with a series of changes until the 2008 during Obama’s reign, there have been addition to the social security trustees. For instance Medicare has been slotted together with social security (Hodges, 2013). Not only financial benefits are allocated to the beneficiaries but also medical benefits. This is as a result of current concern for high quality Medicare which is expensive. Therefore, dependent mothers and children were more likely to miss out. But with the amendments of the current administration the poor and the physically challenge would also have equal chances in obtaining high quality healthcare as the rich in the society (King and Wayne, 2009). Effects of the Act Production in any system is determined by the morale manifested by the working force. The standard age of retrenchment is not an indicator of senescence in human resource capability. Retrenchment is a tactic used by the government to create employment opportunities for the youth. Therefore, when people retire form civil service, they might still productive in their present locations (Cogan and Mitchell, 2013). Grants allocated to the old serves as an inspiration to these elderly population. This money can be used in establishing small scale enterprises which serve as injection to the economy. Grants allocated to dependent children helps these children obtain education and end up as positive resource for the economy. Education is a positive contributor to strong economy. In addition, education is directly proportional to the economic strength of a country. As a result, the US poses as the strongest economy in the world based on positive human resource which is due to high quality education in the country (Hodges, 2013). Children without education or those who lack other basic needs end up in the streets. Once on the streets they are more likely to indulge in criminal activities to meet their needs. Consequently, this result to increased crime rate which ruins an economy. When dependent mothers lack sufficient financial support it leads to strenuous consequences. The first problem is associated with delivery of pregnant mothers. Since they are not capableof financing safe delivery costs in hospitals, they would opt for unsafe birth avenues which are cheaper and require lesser or no paper work (Gareth and Derthick, 2007). Unfortunately, this might lead to the  death of either the mother or child or both. High mortality rates also negatively impact the economy. However, with grants being offered to states for dependent mothers and children in the United States as a result of the social security Act negative attributes associated with dependent mothers and children are lower compared to other regions in the world (King and Wayne, 2009). In conclusion, Franklin Roosevelt unveiled a formidable mechanism of ensuring that all members of the society are catered for. In addition, the system also contributes positively towards the economy. Despite the amendment made to the act the primary objective has been maintained. References DeWitt, L., (2010) The Development of Social Security in America, Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 70(3) Hodges, K., (2013), Debating Social Security: Understanding and Evaluating Perspectives on the Social Security Act of 1935, Academy for College Career Exploration, Baltimore City Public School System King, T. and Wayne, C., (2009), The History of Major Changes to the Social Security System, The CPA Journal May Issue Gareth, D. and Derthick, M., (2007), Race and social welfare policy: The Social Security Act of 1935. Political Science Quarterly 112(2) Cogan, F. and Mitchell, O., (2013), Perspectives from the President’s Commission on Social Security reform, Journal of Economic Perspectives Vol. 17(2)